| At present,China has entered the middle and late stage of rapid urbanization.In the past,the extensive development mode brought about problems such as disorderly expansion of urban space,mismatch of public resources,deterioration of air quality,uncoordinated regional development,and widening gap between urban and rural areas.These problems hindered the further improvement of China’s urbanization level,and sustainable development becomes the inevitable trend of urbanization development in the future.In 2014,the National New Urbanization Plan(2014-2020)put forward a new urbanization road with China characteristics,which is people-oriented,synchronized with the four modernizations,optimized layout,ecological civilization and cultural inheritance.In 2016,the Outline of the Development Plan of the Yangtze River Economic Belt pointed out that it is necessary to promote the new urbanization construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and promote the sustainable development of urbanization.As an important supporting axis of China’s economic development,the sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt determines the success or failure of the country’s new urbanization.Under the background that urbanization development has changed from pursuing quantitative growth to quality improvement,it is of great significance to evaluate and study the sustainable urbanization state of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Therefore,this study choosed the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the study area,combed the research progress of sustainable urbanization,defined sustainable urbanization,urbanization and other concepts,and elaborated sustainable development and system theory.This study analyzed the urbanization development process and current situation characteristics of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,revealed the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the sustainable development level of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,evaluated the sustainable urbanization development trend of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and put forward the classified development path of the sustainable urbanization of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.To some extent,the implementation results of the national new urbanization strategy are tested,so as to enrich the research content of sustainable urbanization in China and provide theoretical guidance and decision-making basis for promoting the sustainable urbanization development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the urbanization process of the Yangtze River Economic Belt can be divided into five stages,namely,initial development stage(1949-1960),retrogression stage(1961-1977),rapid development stage(1978-1989),steady development stage(1990-2009),slowly development stage(2010-2020).The characteristics of urbanization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were as follows: the level of urbanization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt varied greatly in space,and the level of urbanization in the lower,middle and upper reaches decreases in turn;The speed of urbanization has slowed down;The economic growth was basically synchronized with the income growth of urban and rural residents,but the income gap between urban and rural residents was large;Urban agglomeration has become an important carrier of urbanization development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.The scale structure of the city presents a pyramid-like structure with a slightly smaller bottom;The big cities were concentrated in the downstream areas,and the number of cities in the upstream areas was small.(2)The sustainable development level of the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed an upward trend as a whole,and so do the sustainable development levels of the three subsystems,among which the economic subsystem has the largest increase and the resource and environment subsystem has the smallest increase.Judging from the change of spatial pattern,the comprehensive level of sustainable development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a whole presents a spatial pattern of high in the east and low in the west and concentrated distribution.The sustainable development level of economic subsystem presented a spatial pattern of decreasing in turn from the middle and upper reaches.Most of the cities with rapid development were located in the downstream areas,while the slower cities were mainly located in Yunnan.The level of social sustainable development in most cities was on the rise,and the level of social sustainable development in individual cities has declined in stages during urbanization.The cities with rapid improvement of social sustainable development have changed from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The sustainable development level of resource and environment in most cities was on the rise,but it was slow compared with the economic and social subsystems,and more than half of the cities had a downward trend in stages.The cities with rapid development were mainly in the north of Jiangsu and Anhui.(3)The evaluation results of sustainable urbanization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed that from 2005 to 2020,8.62% of the cities’ sustainable development speed and urbanization development speed were greater than 0,and the sustainable development speed was greater than urbanization development speed,and the elastic coefficient was greater than 1,so they were in a state of sustainable urbanization.The elasticity coefficient of 91.38% cities was between 0 and 1,which was in an unsustainable urbanization state.From 2005 to 2010,12.07% of the cities were in a state of sustainable urbanization,and 87.07% were in a state of unsustainable urbanization,with their elastic coefficients ranging from 0 to 1.From 2010 to 2015,14.66% of cities had a elasticity coefficient greater than 1,which were in a sustainable urbanization state,81.90% of cities had a elasticity coefficient between 0-1,which were in an unsustainable urbanization state,and 3.45% of cities were in a sustainable anti urbanization state.From 2015 to 2020,24.14% of the cities had elasticity coefficient greater than 1 and were in a state of sustainable urbanization;63.79% of the cities had elasticity coefficient between 0-1 and were in a state of unsustainable urbanization;and12.07% of the cities were in a state of unsustainable urbanization,which the sustainable development speed was less than 0,the urbanization development speed was greater than 0,and the elastic coefficient was less than 0.(4)The state of sustainable urbanization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was in a dynamic change,and most cities were in an unsustainable urbanization state.During 2005-2020,the cities in an unsustainable urbanization state showed a downward trend,and the cities in a sustainable urbanization state gradually increased.The cities in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt were gradually decreasing,while the cities in the lower reaches were gradually increasing.On the whole,the sustainability of urbanization in the lower reaches was better than that in the middle and upper reaches.There was no corresponding relationship between the state of sustainable urbanization and the change of city scale.Some cities in the state of sustainable urbanization were expanding and some were decreasing.The implementation of the national new urbanization strategy has promoted the sustainable development of urbanization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and the sustainable development level of economy,society,resource and environment in most cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has gradually improved.In the future,more cities will present a state of sustainable urbanization.(5)From 2005 to 2020,116 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt can be divided into two types: sustainable urbanization and unsustainable urbanization.The cities with sustainable urbanization mainly include Shanghai,Nanjing,Changzhou and so on,accounting for 8.62% of the total research unit.The main problems were increasing population pressure,insufficient carrying capacity of resources and environment,"semi-urbanization" in some cities,unbalanced urbanization development and weak radiation-driven role in the central city.We can rationally control the population size,actively develop small and medium-sized cities,accelerate the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure,promote the integration of agricultural transfer population into cities,and strengthen the central city.Unsustainably urbanized cities include Lianyungang,Hangzhou,Ningbo,Taizhou,Hefei and so on,accounting for 91.38% of the total research unit.The main problems were prominent ecological environment problems,insufficient economic development momentum in the middle and upper reaches,unbalanced basic public services,significant gap between urban and rural development,heavy population bearing pressure in big cities,and obvious population loss in small and medium-sized cities.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the protection of ecological space,deepen urban pollution control,strengthen the construction of social security system,improve social security capacity,accelerate the integration of urban and rural development,narrow the gap between urban and rural development,and strengthen regional division of labor and cooperation to promote sustainable urbanization. |
PDF Full Text Request