Construction Of Sustainable Food Consumption Pattern On The "Dual Health Goals" For Ecosystem And People

Food consumption affects the ecological environment and human health.On the one hand,greenhouse gas and reactive nitrogen emissions caused by food consumption,as well as resource consumption such as water and soil,exert a burden on the ecosystem.On the other hand,with the improvement of residents’ living standards,a series of health diseases caused by excess of macronutrients and insufficient intake of micronutrients have exerted a burden on human health.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to construct sustainable food consumption pattern on the "dual health goals" for ecosystem and people.Based on the microscopic data of Jiangsu Province,this paper firstly calculated and analyzed the structure and change trend of environmental impact(including ecological footprint,carbon footprint,water footprint and nitrogen footprint)and nutritional quality(including energy,fat,protein,carbohydrates and micronutrients)of food consumption in 2004,2006,2009 and 2011.Secondly,the paper analyzes the influencing factors of food consumption,and compares the similarities and differences of environmental impact and nutritional quality of food consumption in different characteristic groups.Finally,the sustainable food consumption model under the ecological and people’s "dual health" goals was constructed by combining the environmental impact and nutrition indicators.NSGA-II method was used to solve the multi-objective programming,and the sustainable food consumption model of different groups under the two optimization scenarios of balanced diet model and realistic model was obtained,and the realization path suggestions were put forward.Specific achievements are as follows:(1)Environmental impact and nutritional quality characteristics of food consumption.(1)The nutrient intake,carbon footprint and water footprint of plant foods decreased,but the ecological footprint and nitrogen footprint increased.(2)Nutrient intake of animal foods fluctuated,and its ecological footprint,carbon footprint,water footprint and nitrogen footprint all showed a downward trend.(3)Nutrient intake and footprint of other foods increased significantly.(4)Grains,meat,aquatic products,oils,beans,vegetables and poultry were the most influential food types on the nutritional intake and footprint of food consumption.(2)Analysis and comparison of influencing factors of food consumption.FGLS regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of food consumption,and the following results were obtained:(1)Activity,income,age,gender,area were all significantly correlated with food consumption,and gender and area had the greatest influence.(2)There was a large difference in food consumption between male and female residents,but a small difference in food footprint and nutrient structure,mainly reflected in vegetables,fruits,meat,poultry,milk and oils.(3)The food consumption patterns of urban and rural residents differ greatly,and the differences of footprint and nutrient structure are reflected in most food categories.(3)Construction of sustainable food consumption pattern on the "dual health goals" for ecosystem and people.Through the construction and comparative analysis of the balanced diet optimization model and the reality-based optimization model,it is concluded that:(1)The balanced diet optimization model has higher environmental pressure and nutritional quality,while the realistic optimization model can effectively reduce environmental pressure while improving the nutritional quality.(2)The promotion of realistic optimization model will make the ideal structure of macronutrients in food consumption,and the intake of micronutrients will increase by more than 10%.The ecological footprint,carbon footprint and nitrogen footprint of food consumption of male group will be reduced by 5% on the basis of reality,and the water footprint will be reduced by 9%.The female group has greater optimization potential,which can reduce by 24%,24%,17% and 23%,respectively.The results show that,on the basis of reality,the transformation of food consumption pattern is expected to promote the ecological and national "double health",while on the basis of balanced diet pattern,the ecological pressure will inevitably increase when the nutritional quality is satisfied.At present,the realistic optimization pattern will be the short-term food consumption promotion orientation,while the long-term consumption pattern transformation should still be toward the balanced diet optimization pattern.To achieve a balanced diet pattern requires coordinated improvement of residents’ consumption behavior,agricultural production system and ecological policies.