Research On The Impact Of The Establishment Of Chinese Pilot Free Trade Zone On Regional Industrial Structure

After the financial crisis in 2008,the European debt crisis in 2010 and the new pneumonia epidemic in 2019,some developed countries,in addition to restricting international trade practices by means of administrative orders,have used the comparative advantages of their industries to set higher standard access conditions in investment and trade agreements for trade protection,weakening the role and status of the WTO in the original international trade pattern,and developing countries It is difficult for developing countries to join such high-standard trade opening negotiations and face new "trade sanctions".In such a world economic environment,in order to solve the problems brought by the rough economic development mode,land finance of local governments in China on industrial restructuring,and to respond to the new requirements of industrial policies of the world to serve the high quality development of the economy,China started the exploration of the initial free trade pilot zone system.To date,the exploration of the free trade pilot zone has entered its 11 th year.The impact of the establishment of free trade pilot zones on industrial structure is the subject of this paper.First of all,this paper sorts out the existing research results on the policy effects of the free trade pilot zone and the factors affecting the industrial structure.Secondly,this paper sorted out the mainstream international trade theories such as classical trade theory,new trade theory,new-new trade theory,and industrial structure theories related to the upgrading and rationalization of industrial structure in chronological order.Thirdly,according to the current situation of the implementation of industrial policies and the adjustment of industrial structure in the pilot free trade zone,and in combination with the current research results,this paper puts forward the hypothesis of the mechanism of the impact of the establishment of the pilot free trade zone on the industrial structure: first,the establishment of the pilot free trade zone promotes technological progress,which takes various forms,and technological progress promotes the adjustment of regional industrial structure.Second,the establishment of the free trade pilot zone has promoted the adjustment of the regional factor endowment structure,thus affecting the industrial structure.This part of the mechanism is analyzed with the help of the perspective of new structural economics.Third,the establishment of the free trade pilot zone has promoted the rational allocation of resources.Highproductive enterprises have been identified and selected in free trade,and resources have been transferred to enterprises with more resource transformation and reproduction capabilities,and social welfare has been further improved.Finally,this paper uses the panel data at the urban level from 1990 to 2021 to establish a double difference model.In order to ensure the robustness of the policy effect estimated by the model,the identification condition test,expected effect test,parallel trend test and further explore the annual effect of policy and regional heterogeneity on the basis of the basic regression results and the placebo test were carried out.Finally,the analysis of heterogeneity was explained through the analysis of intermediary effect and the hypothesis of the impact mechanism proposed in this paper was verified.The final conclusions of this paper are as follows: First,the establishment of the Free Trade Pilot Zone has promoted the upgrading and rationalization of industrial structure,but the promotion of the upgrading of industrial structure mainly comes from short-term effects,while the promotion of the rationalization of industrial structure is long-term.The upgrading of industrial structure has a threshold effect on the rationalization of industrial structure.Second,the establishment of the pilot free trade zone has regional heterogeneity in the effect of industrial structure adjustment.The industrial upgrading level of the pilot free trade zone in the eastern coastal provinces,western provinces and northeast provinces has improved,and the industrial structure rationalization level of the eastern coastal provinces has improved.The main reasons for this regional heterogeneity can be understood from three perspectives: differences in production technology progress,differences in comparative advantage adjustment,and differences in resource allocation optimization.Third,the establishment of the Free Trade Pilot Zone promotes the rationalization of the industrial structure through the intermediary effect of technological progress in production.The establishment of the pilot free trade zone affects the upgrading of regional industrial structure through the intermediary effect of comparative advantage adjustment.The establishment of the pilot free trade zone has not only improved the upgrading of industrial structure,but also improved the rationalization of industrial structure through the intermediary effect of resource allocation optimization.