Livelihood Vulnerability Of Measurement And Influencing Factors Of Rural Low-income Groups In China

Building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way has laid a solid foundation for promoting common prosperity,but the livelihood problems of rural lowincome groups make the realization of common prosperity face greater challenges.By the end of 2021,China had identified 4.31 million people living on the edge of subsistence allowances and 4.33 million people living in poverty-stricken households.Together with low-income people such as recipients of subsistence allowances,people in extreme poverty,and people prone to poverty,a low-income population database of more than 58 million people has been formed.Such a large number of low-income groups,their ability to resist risks is relatively weak,falling into the probability of livelihood difficulties is relatively large.The study on the livelihood vulnerability of rural low-income groups is of great significance to effectively locate the low-income groups to be included in the low-income groups,prevent the livelihood problems of rural low-income groups in advance and promote common prosperity.This thesis adopts the data of China Household Tracking Survey(CFPS)micro database in 2012,2014,2016 and 2018.Based on the theory of sustainable livelihood(SLA)framework and VSD(Vulnerability Scoping Diagram)model,this thesis constructs the livelihood vulnerability evaluation index system of rural low income families in our country.The entropy method is used to determine the weights of indexes.To construct the livelihood vulnerability index of Chinese rural low income group and measure the livelihood vulnerability value of Chinese rural low income group.On the basis of CFPS microdatabase,the types of rural low-income groups are divided: according to the degree of difficulty,they can be divided into health risk type,poverty marginal type and work difficulty type.According to the livelihood mode,it can be divided into agriculture-oriented,purely laboure-oriented,laboure-oriented,diversified and subsidy-dependent.Then,this thesis makes a comparative analysis of the livelihood vulnerability value of rural low income groups from the region,time and family type,and analyzes the difference of constructing the dimension of livelihood vulnerability of rural low income groups.Finally,the thesis further studies the influencing factors of the vulnerability of rural low income families’ livelihood by using multiple linear regression model,and analyzes influencing factors from three levels of household head characteristics,family characteristics and village conditions.The research shows that:(1)The structure of livelihood vulnerability of rural lowincome groups in our country is more concentrated,which shows that low vulnerability is increasing,high vulnerability is decreasing,and the overall mean is decreasing.(2)There are significant differences in the dimensions of livelihood vulnerability of different types of households.There are differences in exposure,sensitivity and adaptability among lowincome rural households divided by livelihood,difficulty and region.(3)The distribution of livelihood vulnerability of low-income households under different categories is uneven:according to the degree of hardship,the high vulnerability ratio of households with marginal hardship is the highest,followed by those with work difficulties and health risks.Among households divided by means of livelihood,the high vulnerability ratio of agricultureoriented households and working-oriented households ranks the top two,and correspondingly,the low vulnerability ratio of subsidy-dependent households is the largest.According to the geographical division of households,the western region and the northeast region have higher high vulnerability ratios.The growth trend of the livelihood vulnerability level of low-income families under different categories is similar,which reflects that the high vulnerability ratio is decreasing year by year and the low vulnerability ratio is increasing year by year,which indicates that the high vulnerability of rural low-income families will be internalized into low vulnerability.(4)The characteristics of household head,family characteristics and village conditions will affect the livelihood vulnerability of low-income households.Gender,age,education,type of work,family size,per capita income and medical conditions of the household had significant negative effects on livelihood vulnerability.Household dependency ratio and household per capita agricultural income were positively correlated with livelihood vulnerability.Finally,according to the empirical results and research conclusions,in order to reduce the livelihood problems of rural low-income groups,this thesis puts forward suggestions from three aspects.(1)Attach importance to non-agricultural employment and improve household income.Expanding non-farm employment can effectively reduce the exposure and sensitivity of livelihood vulnerability,improve households’ ability to cope with risks,and thus reduce the livelihood vulnerability of low-income households.(2)Pay attention to the family’s livelihood capital,improve the comprehensive quality of labor force.The increase of livelihood capital has a positive effect on the livelihood vulnerability of lowincome households,that is,the more livelihood capital low-income households have,the stronger their ability to resist risks.(3)Improve the village infrastructure and build a complete social security system.We will improve the facilities of village clinics and township hospitals,and give full play to the role of basic medical insurance,serious disease insurance,endowment insurance and other systems in alleviating the livelihood vulnerability of low-income rural families.