Research On The Influence Of Dual Neighborhood Effect On The Relative Poverty Of Floating Population

After unremitting efforts,China has finally achieved its first centennial goal in the closing year of the "13th Five Year Plan",and achieved a great victory in the battle against poverty.The elimination of absolute poverty reflects a rare global achievement in the field of poverty alleviation in China,but uneven and inadequate development remains the main contradiction in our country.Even if the people who have lifted themselves out of absolute poverty status,they are still relatively poor groups,and the risk of returning to poverty is still high.Therefore,the focus of China’s poverty reduction strategy has been adjusted in a timely manner,shifting from addressing absolute poverty to targeting the alleviation of relative poverty.Identifying the characteristics,generation mechanisms,and governance strategies of relative poverty groups is not only a scientific need,but also a major practical need for poverty governance.As a social animal living in groups,the impact of the surrounding environment and members of the community on human beings cannot be underestimated.Individual experiences are subtly influenced by the neighborhood effect,and adverse neighborhood effects may become a poverty causing factor.Floating population,as an important component of vulnerable groups,has long played the role of relatively poor groups.The special attribute of floating population connecting the dual spaces of inflow and outflow places has strengthened the complexity of neighborhood effect in the poverty generation mechanism of floating population,which has become a key issue and challenge in comprehensively deepening understanding and explaining the relative poverty of floating population.In order to analyze this issue,this thesis uses the micro data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2017,and adopts forward-looking expected poverty vulnerability to measure and reflect relative poverty.Based on the Manski social interaction effect identification strategy,it simultaneously incorporates neighborhood effects,correlation effects,and situational effects.Expanding from a single dimensional neighborhood to a dual neighborhood,the least squares regression method and instrumental variable method were used to investigate the impact of the dual neighborhood effect on the relative poverty of the floating population.At the same time,based on the analysis of heterogeneity,it is determined which groups are more significantly affected by the inflow neighborhood effect and the outflow neighborhood effect.Finally,the intermediary effect model and the regulatory effect model are used to explore the internal mechanism of the dual neighborhood effect on the relative poverty of the floating population.The research results show that:(1)The dual neighborhood effect of both inflow and outflow significantly increases the relative poverty of the floating population.The inflow shows a contagion effect,while the outflow shows a inheritance effect,and the contagion effect is stronger than the inheritance effect.(2)The impact of the situational effect on the relative poverty of the floating population is weaker than the correlation effect,and both the inflow and outflow situational effects are different from the correlation effect,and there is a phenomenon of relative deprivation.(3)On the whole,relatively vulnerable groups(high vulnerability,women,low education background,low income,employees)are more vulnerable to the adverse impact of the relative poverty level in their neighborhood.(4)The poverty neighborhood effect can affect household relative poverty through three intermediary variables: risk impact,risk resilience,and risk resilience.(5)The influence of contagion deepens with the increase of flow duration,emotional preference,or the reduction of flow distance.The influence of inheritance weakens with the increase of flow duration,emotional preference,or the reduction of flow distance.Moreover,the effect of contagion and inheritance are complementary,jointly exacerbating the poverty risk of migrant families.Based on the above research results,this thesis proposes the following policy recommendations:(1)In the process of relative poverty governance,it is necessary to simultaneously consider the characteristics of the outflow and inflow regions,and adopt a regional collaborative governance strategy of outflow and inflow regions.(2)"Supporting Ambition before Poverty Alleviation",so we should pay attention to cultivating the aspiration level of the floating population and create a good community culture.(3)Avoiding the appearance of income based residential clustering effects,and adopting mixed housing measures to break the persistent problem of class differentiation.(4)Providing more risk aversion support to relatively vulnerable members,thereby reducing the risk of poverty return for vulnerable groups and changing the trend of poverty spread.(5)Ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of the floating population,thereby enhancing their sense of gain.