| Digital service trade has strong vitality and has gradually become an important driving force of economic globalization,driving the reconstruction of global value chains.At present,the world economy has gradually entered a stage of steady growth,but with the declining advantages brought by population and resources,countries must promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry,so that the economy can steadily enter a stage of high-quality growth.At the same time,in the context of the rapid development of digital technology and its all-round important impact on the economy,the import of high-tech digital services can significantly improve the technical complexity of a country’s digital service trade import,and introduce more high-tech production factors into the production process of a country’s manufacturing industry,which will greatly affect the international competitiveness of China and even the world’s manufacturing industry.This paper selects the transnational panel data of 20 countries including China from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Statistical database and the United Nations Commodity Trade Database,uses the fixed-effect model to explore the influence of the technical complexity of digital service trade imports on the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry,and carries out theoretical mechanism analysis and empirical test.The paper is divided into the following parts:Firstly,this paper reviews and summarizes the existing literature of experts and scholars at home and abroad.Based on the theory of comparative advantage,the theory of national competitive advantage and the theory of value chain,the paper analyzes the relationship between the technological complexity of digital service trade imports and the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry from three perspectives:technology spillover,industry demonstration and competition,and resource allocation optimization.Secondly,the relevant data of 20 countries are used to calculate the import technology complexity of digital service trade and the current situation of manufacturing competitiveness.Finally,the empirical analysis is made on the relevant data of 20 countries including China from 2006 to 2020,and considering the differences between developed countries and developing countries as well as the differences in the nature of digital service trade segments,which will lead to different impacts of imported technological complexity on manufacturing competitiveness.Therefore,this paper conducts the heterogeneity test at the national level and the industry segmentation level,and finally conducts the robustness test.The empirical results show that: first,the increase in the technical complexity of a country’s digital service trade imports can significantly improve the international competitiveness of its manufacturing industry,and this effect is more obvious in developed countries;Secondly,the analysis of digital service trade by industry segmentation shows that the improvement of imported technical complexity of financial service industry,telecommunications industry,computer and information service industry and personal culture and entertainment service industry has a significant promoting effect on the international competitiveness of a country’s manufacturing industry,and other business service industries also have a relatively good promoting effect.However,the increase of import technical complexity in insurance and pension services and intellectual property royalties has no significant impact on the international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry.Thirdly,the industrial regression of developed countries and developing countries shows that financial service industry,as well as individual,culture and entertainment industry all play a significant role in promoting the international competitiveness of developed countries’ manufacturing industry.Among them,telecom,computer and information service industry and intellectual property industry have a better effect.For developing countries,financial service industry,telecommunication industry,computer and information service industry and other business service industry have a significant positive effect on the improvement of the international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry.Among them,the financial service industry has the best effect,while the intellectual property royalties industry has a significant negative effect on the improvement of the international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry of developing countries.On this basis,based on the theoretical mechanism analysis and empirical research results,this paper puts forward the following five policy suggestions on how to further enhance the technical complexity of digital service trade imports,so as to steadily enhance the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry,promote economic modernization and transformation,and improve the quality of economic development: First,reasonably define the degree of openness of digital service trade industry;Second,optimize the import structure of digital service trade;Third,strengthen the development of the manufacturing industry itself;Fourth,expand the scale of investment,increase technology research and development investment;Fifth,accurately grasp the direction of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises. |
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