Research On The Problem Of Centralized Support For The Rural Poor Elderly In The Border Ethnic Minority Areas

As the degree of aging continues to worsen,the way of providing for the elderly in modern society has gradually deviated from the single family support for the elderly,and entered a new stage of diversified elderly care,including family pension,institutional pension,and social pension.As a special group of the elderly population in modern society,the prominent characteristics of the elderly care methods for the extremely poor are: due to the absence of family pension support systems based on consanguinity,the institutional pension and social pension support systems are particularly important for the extremely poor elderly.The W County investigated by the author is a border ethnic minority area,with a total of 577 extremely poor elderly people in the county.Except for the five extremely poor elderly people who moved into the poverty alleviation settlement in the county seat around 2020,the rest of the extremely poor elderly people live in the countryside all year round.Due to the lack of family intergenerational support for the elderly,the three nursing homes in W County and the centralized support services provided by them jointly constitute the institutional support system for the extremely poor elderly in the county.However,through field research on the elderly care situation of the extremely poor in the county,the author found that there is a problem of low centralized support rate in the institutional elderly care support system,and the extremely poor elderly themselves also have a problem of low centralized support willingness.At the same time,the role of the social pension support system has also been highlighted due to the low concentration of support willingness of the poorest elderly.Concentrated support for the poor is a centralized elderly care service provided by a special poverty relief institution established under the auspices of the government,mainly in the form of a nursing home,specifically for the elderly in special poverty.It is worth noting that the problem of low centralized feeding rate in the institutional elderly care support system is more due to the fact that the impoverished elderly in rural minority areas in the border areas do not adapt to institutional feeding,while the problem of low centralized feeding willingness is more prone to emotional reluctance.Aiming at the problem of the low centralized feeding rate of special poverty relief institutions in border ethnic minority areas,this article analyzes the regional elderly care cultural field,ethnic elderly care cultural habits,and local elderly care cultural concepts from three aspects.With the help of community theory,the author discusses the reasons why the impoverished elderly are unwilling to choose institutions for support from three aspects: ethnic community,spiritual community,and religious community.Based on the analysis of the problem of low centralized support rate,this article discusses the adaptive elderly care for the rural poor in border ethnic minority areas based on the embedding theory.Firstly,it is necessary to actively solve the problem of "embedding" rather than "mutual" between modern institutional support and traditional elderly care culture of border ethnic minorities in the space-time dimension,in order to improve the adaptability of the rural poor elderly in border ethnic minority areas to institutional elderly care support methods;Secondly,it is to transition to a new stage of "mutual integration" based on "mutual embeddedness",that is,to achieve the reconstruction of the order of providing for the special needy in the border minority areas from two aspects: the adaptive transformation of the concept of providing for the elderly and the regional mutual learning of the practice of providing for the elderly.At the same time,based on the analysis of the issue of low concentration of support willingness,this article discusses the spiritual support for the impoverished elderly in rural areas of border ethnic minority areas based on the religious coping theory.Firstly,it constructs a spiritual life order,taking into account their needs for elderly care and religious life based on the reluctance of the impoverished elderly in rural areas of border ethnic minority areas to leave their original community;The second is to provide spiritual care with spiritual reciprocity,giving play to the unique advantages of religious coping in spiritual elderly care,such as providing hospice care services;The third is to replace short-term relief type pension support for the special poor and develop longterm stable relief type pension support for the special poor.