Research On Regional Differences In Pension Insurance Treatment Of Urban And Rural Residents Under The Background Of Population Aging

In 2009 and 2011,China successively launched a new type of rural social old-age insurance and urban residents’ social old-age insurance,with the aim of enabling rural residents and urban non-employed residents to “provide for their old age”.In 2014,China merged the “new rural social pension insurance”and “urban residents’ social pension insurance”into one,with the aim of narrowing the gap in old-age security and establishing a fairer old-age security system.By 2023,it has been 9 years since the formal implementation of the system merger,which is already the basic endowment insurance that gathers the widest group in the country,and it is indeed an important guarantee for achieving comprehensive poverty alleviation and overall moderate prosperity.Opening a new situation in the “14th Five-Year Plan”,under the policy guidance of promoting common prosperity in the report of the 20 th National Congress,the higher requirements of consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and driving the realization of common prosperity for all people have been put on the agenda.However,current urban & rural residents’ pension insurance system is subject to the rapid development of aging,and there is a large gap between regional pension insurance benefits.In promoting the common prosperity of urban and rural residents,it’s difficult to really play a fundamental role.Therefore,under the system requirements of actively responding to population aging and realizing balanced development and rationalization of differences in regional elderly services,it is of great theoretical and application value to study the regional gap between urban and rural residents’ pension insurance treatment.This paper uses literature research,quantitative and comparative analysis to sort out the implementation of urban and rural residential insurance system,analyze the current status of regional urban & rural residential insurance benefits and measure the regional difference index based on the Thiel index method in turn.Then conclude that current pension treatment of urban and rural residents needs to be improved eagerly,the overall gap between urban and rural residents’ pension treatment is large,and the regional gap needs to be reduced urgently.Furthermore,the national level will be studied before focusing on the eastern,central,western and northeastern regions,and the panel model and the distribution lag model were constructed in turn.Using authoritative data from the National Statistical Office since 2014,taking the average old-age insurance treatment of urban and rural residents as the explanatory variable,and based on the actual situation that the current degree of aging exceeds that of pension insurance,the dependency ratio of the elderly population was selected as the core explanatory variable,as well as other explanatory variables in economic,social and institutional aspects,to conduct the analysis of factors influencing the treatment of urban & rural residential insurance in the whole country and various regions.The empirical results show that:(1)One of the reasons for the disparity of regional treatment caused by the aging development speed.When other factors remained unchanged,the core explanatory variable elderly dependency ratio had a lagging effect on the treatment of urban and rural residents’ pension benefits in other regions except northeast region.At the national level,it basically conforms to the law that the degree of aging increases with the extension of the lag period,and the west is the same as the whole country,while the east-central is opposite;(2)The factors affecting the treatment of urban and rural residential insurance differ within and outside the region.The per capita disposable revenue of rural residents has a significant positive effect on the urban & rural residential pension insurance benefits between regions and within the eastern and central regions;fiscal burden rate positively affects urban and rural residents’ pension insurance benefits between the regions and within the central and western regions;the proportion of the number of beneficiaries to the number of insured persons has a significant negative effect on the pension insurance treatment of urban and rural residents in the inter-regions and eastern and western regions;residents’ education level only has a positive and significant effect on urban and rural residents’ pension insurance benefits in the east;the share of social security and employment expenditures only has a significant negative effect on the treatment of urban and rural residential insurance in the three northeastern provinces.Targeted analysis of the causes of regional differences,and put forward policy suggestions to rationalize regional pension insurance treatment differences,such as promote balanced regional development and promote coordinated improvement of economic development and residents’ income;regional population policies have focused on improving demographic imbalances;strengthen financial investment in some regions and refine the financial sharing mechanism for basic pensions;aim at the minimum living guarantee standard and realize the synergy between systems.