Study On The Influence Of Direct Grain Subsidies On The Progress Bias Of Rice Production Technology

As one of the most important grain varieties in China,rice is the main grain ration for 60%of the domestic population.The stable and sustainable development of its production is in the core and basic position in the national food security strategy and the guarantee of national economic growth.The technological progress of rice production has become a key factor to realize food security,resource and environment optimization and agricultural modernization.However,the classical economic growth theory holds that the technological progress is biased in the real economy.The research on the progress of rice production technology is helpful to choose the appropriate direction of grain production technology,and it is of great significance to optimize the structure allocation of grain production factors and promote the transformation of agricultural production modernization.As a basic industry related to the national economy and people’s livelihood,rice production cannot be separated from the policy support of the national government.Direct grain subsidy is the only "green box" subsidy policy recognized by the United Nations,which is now called "agricultural support and protection subsidy" after several reforms.The original policy goal of the subsidy was to ensure food security,and over time,the subsidy goal gradually shifted to improve the overall benefits of agriculture.In addition,the policy supports the gradual transfer to technological innovation and new business entities from the aspects of farmland protection and chemical fertilizer and pesticide emission reduction,which promotes the technological progress to choose more advanced production technologies.Therefore,the study of the influence of direct grain subsidies on the progress of rice production technology is helpful to continuously improve the pertinence and effectiveness of direct grain subsidies,so as to better adapt to the direction of agricultural development and ensure food security.On the basis of the analysis of the mechanism of rice production technology progress,selected the 2004-2020 China 23 rice production provinces panel data,using the log production function to measure the Chinese rice production technology progress bias index,and using the fixed effect model,the empirical analysis of the grain subsidies of rice production technology progress.The research results show that:first,the progress of rice production technology in China favors capital,and the changing trend of direct grain subsidy increases;second,the technological progress of rice production capital shows negative correlation,and the regression coefficient is-0.267,which indicates that the greater the intensity of direct grain subsidy,the more biased the progress of rice production technology is towards labor.In the control variables,human capital level,cultivated land quality,opening level,industrial structure optimization level and economic development level show positive correlation to the technological progress of rice production capital bias;third,direct grain subsidy to rice production in main grain producing areas,main marketing area and balanced production and marketing area promotes the technological progress to labor to some extent.Under direct grain subsidies,the progress of rice production technology favors labor,mainly due to the lack of special allocation for machinery and technology,and the subsidy method is decoupled from the actual farming area;in the main grain producing area,main marketing area and production and marketing balance area,the main grain marketing area has the most significant level,mainly limited by capital and technology and other factors,farmers tend to adopt labor-intensive methods to produce high-yield crops.In view of this,the subsidy of key rice production technology should be increased,and the subsidy object and subsidy area should be be accurately reviewed.Each functional area should optimize the existing resources according to local conditions,and select appropriate technical methods to improve the policy efficiency.