Pricing Decision Of Closed-loop Supply Chain Considering Altruistic Preference

The rapid development of science and technology has greatly enriched our material life,and also produced a large number of waste products.The ineffective use of these waste products has made the problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution increasingly prominent.With the implementation of the national dual-carbon policy of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality",reducing carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of the supply chain has become the focus of academic circles.At the same time,affected by factors such as the new crown epidemic,the online economy of "Internet +" has achieved vigorous development,and more and more supply chain manufacturing companies have opened online,offline and other direct sales channels to sell directly to consumers.The products produced,dual-channel supply chain,low-carbon supply chain and other models have been widely used.However,the actual supply chain management problem is more complicated.Supply chain members usually have certain behavioral preferences in the face of an uncertain business environment,such as altruistic preference behaviors to seek greater self-development,and altruistic preference behaviors are also often used in actual business applications.It has been proved that when members of the supply chain have altruistic preference behavior,the original optimal decision will be changed and the influence of this behavior cannot be ignored.Under the above practical background,this paper analyzes the optimal decision-making of closed-loop supply chain under four modes: no altruistic preference,single-manufacturer altruistic preference,single-retailer altruistic preference and double altruistic preference by constructing a closed-loop supply chain model of double altruistic preference.Differential analysis of the impact of different altruistic preferences on pricing decisions;build a dualchannel closed-loop supply chain model under the influence of altruistic preferences,and analyze the effect of altruistic preferences on competition between dual-channel and channel efficiency by comparing with behaviors without altruistic preferences;Analyze the closed-loop supply chain model of altruistic preference under carbon emission reduction,construct the demand affected by the dual effects of low carbon and price,and study the optimal decisionmaking impact of altruistic preference behavior on carbon emission reduction in the closedloop supply chain.The research finds:(1)The market demand for new products and remanufactured products increases at the same time under the influence of altruistic preferences;both altruistic preferences can increase the total profit of the closed-loop supply chain,but the total profit is much more affected by the manufacturer’s altruistic preferences than Retailer altruistic preferences.Enterprises should pay appropriate attention to the behavior preferences of cooperative enterprises in the closed-loop supply chain.The existence of altruistic preferences within a certain range can make the overall profit of the closed-loop supply chain Pareto improve.(2)Altruistic preference behavior In the dual-channel closed-loop supply chain,only the wholesale price and retail price of retail channel products are changed,and the price of direct-selling channel products is not affected;the manufacturer’s altruistic preference can increase the retailer’s profit and the total profit of the closed-loop supply chain,and The larger the altruistic preference coefficient is,the more the retailer’s profit and the total profit of the closed-loop supply chain will be,but part of its own profit will be sacrificed.(3)In the closedloop supply chain with the background of carbon emission reduction,the wholesale price and retail price of products decrease with the increase of altruistic preference;the carbon emission and the recycling rate of waste products increase with the increase of altruistic preference.The increase of the degree of altruistic preference will reduce the profit of the manufacturer,increase the profit of the retailer and the total profit of the closed-loop supply chain;the behavioral factors of altruistic preference will lead to the increase of the carbon emission reduction of the product and strengthen the influence of the carbon emission reduction by the low carbon preference.