Equilibrium Decision Research Of Closed-loop Supply Chain Network Based On Carbon Reduction Policy

In recent years,the environmental problems caused by greenhouse gas emissions are becoming more and more serious.How to develop effective policies to guide enterprises to reduce carbon emissions has become a hot social concern,but as the reduction of carbon emission of the enterprises in the implementation of the main body,the internal and external competitive environment,the economic benefits,and the consideration of their own decision-making behaviors can not be ignored.When it comes to the transition of the competition of enterprises to competition of supply chain,the environment of closed-loop supply chain network has becomes the multi-layer network.Carbon emission reduction policies under the company's emission reduction decision and supply chain network layer and the decision-making of the enterprises upstream and downstream are closely related to emission reduction targets,and it is difficult to effectively achieve the goals that only through the operation strategy of individual enterprises.Therefore,putting carbon emission reduction policies into the environment of the supply chain network to study the optimal decision of enterprises under the equilibrium state and how to scientifically formulate carbon emission reduction policy in the environment of supply chain network are the subjects of this article.The main contents and innovations of this paper are summarized as follows: This study mainly includes the following three aspects.(1)According to the fact that the tend to set the region's largest carbon emissions to meet the requirements of the central government's carbon emission to deal with the problem of environmental deterioration,the local government uses the variational inequality method to describe the competitive decision behaviors of decision makers at all layers under the carbon quota constraint.The existing literature does not consider the uncertainty of the market demand under the carbon emission reduction policy.By considering the stochastic market demand,two possibilities of shortage of goods and unsold products in the demand market,a decision model of closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium under the carbon constraint considering the carbon tax and demand uncertainty.The paper found that considering the demand uncertainty in the market environment,the network endogenous optimal carbon tax ensured nocorporate carbon emissions equilibrium value exceed the government's limit,but the performance of the economic and environmental profits of the enterprises is not consistent.(2)This paper established a decision making model for the supply chain network with uncertain demand under the policy of carbon reduction,and confirmed that the carbon subsidy can achieve the win-win situation of the enterprise under the carbon emission reduction policy.Based on the single carbon emission reduction policy on the existing closed-loop supply chain network,considering the composite carbon emission reduction policies,market demand uncertainty,This paper constructed the model of closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium decision consisting of multiple manufacturers,multiple retailers,multiple random demand markets.The results showed that higher carbon allowances and win-win economic and environmental performance can be realized in enterprises under the constraint of the carbon quota,but it has damaged the interests of consumers;at the same time that government departments to develop a carbon subsidy policy should adapt to the change of market demand.(3)Carbon emissions based on a new type of resource would change the operation cost structure and profit mode of enterprises,as well as real decision makers are risk averse preference in this paper by using variational inequality method to construct the closed-loop supply chain network under the constraint of carbon emissions to reach equilibrium conditions.The existing literature only considered the characteristics of the risk aversion of decision makers in a layer of the network.And based on the considerations of the decision-making behavior of manufacturer and retailer risk aversion,the paper constructed the equilibrium model of closed-loop supply chain network risk averse under the carbon emissions constraint,and that showed that the enterprise risk averse behavior helps to promote the company's emission reduction,and at the same time,the reasonable price of carbon trading could help implement carbon emission reduction of enterprise in closed-loop supply chain network.