Research On Differential Ticket Price Of High-speed Railway Based On Demand Difference Of Parallel Trains

In recent years,the high-speed and efficient construction and operation of China’s highspeed railway has to a large extent released the pressure of passenger travel demand growth,and passenger travel efficiency and travel comfort have been greatly improved.However,in the current ticket price system,the cooperation degree between passengers’ travel demand and highspeed railway transportation capacity is not high.There exists a coexistence phenomenon of tight and depressed occupancy rate among multiple trains running on the same line and OD,which leads to the waste of train capacity,and adversely affects passenger travel experience and high-speed rail passenger revenue of railway departments.In view of the deficiencies in the formulation of passenger ticket price of High-speed railway in China,this paper introduces the theory of revenue management and studies the related problems of differential pricing between high-speed railway under the condition of not changing the operation plan of high-speed railway and the train operation diagram,so as to seek for a fare formulation plan to balance the seating rate between trains and improve the passenger ticket revenue of railway departments.The thesis includes the research on differential fare of parallel trains based on the difference in demand of departure time and the research on the correction of differential fare based on the adjustment of ticket revenue of high-speed rail.(1)The differential pricing method of parallel trains based on the demand difference of departure time is studied.First of all,under the current single ticket price system,the seat rate of different trains with the same OD and the same line is very different.This paper studies the non-equilibrium of passenger demand at the level of departure time and uses the price elasticity of passenger demand at the level of departure time to depict the price sensitivity of passenger at different departure time.Secondly,according to the time value of passengers,a generalized travel cost function is constructed to quantify the competition among different passenger transportation modes.On this basis,a high-speed rail differential pricing model is established to maximize the overall revenue of parallel trains,and the Frank-Wolf algorithm is used to solve the model.Finally,the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is taken as an example to analyze the model.The research results show that: after applying the model for differential pricing,the price of each train is mixed.When the total passenger demand between trains increases by 1.3 %,the standard deviation of passenger demand between trains narrows by 61.17%,and the total passenger ticket income increases by 15.43%.The model is scientific and applicable.(2)The differential fare correction method is studied to prevent the risk of long-term decline in passenger demand.First of all,in view of the differential pricing aimed at maximizing the revenue of railway departments,there is a risk that the long-term passenger flow demand will decline due to the increase of ticket prices.This paper introduces the consumer surplus function to quantify the changes in passengers’ psychological benefits before and after the change of ticket prices.Then,the profit increased after differential pricing is used as the subsidy capital source of the passenger flow demand stimulation for the number of trains with reduced passenger flow demand.On this basis,a correction model of the differential ticket price of highspeed rail with the goal of minimizing the loss of consumer surplus is constructed,and the model is solved by a step-by-step solution algorithm.Finally,a specific example is used to study the model.All the results show that the increase of profit for price subsidies,trains between total passenger demand is 11.76% higher than that of when the price is not correct,trains between passenger demand shrank by 34.45%,the standard deviation from a single fare ticket income is still higher than a single fare ticket revenues by 10.2%,for high-speed differential pricing model provides an affordable solution.