Research On The Impact Of Urbanized Ability On Farmers’ Homestead Withdrawal

With the rapid process of urbanization,a large number of rural labor force have moved to the cities,and many homesteads have been left idle and wasted,exacerbating the human-land contradiction between city and countryside.At the same time,the lack of a mechanism for farmers’ homestead withdrawal led to some farmers who are willing to withdraw having no way out,hindering the rational reallocation of homestead resources and departing from the needs of urbanization development.In order to revitalize rural land resources and ensure that there is a way out and an orderly withdrawal of homestead,it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of the homestead withdrawal to improve the design of the withdrawal mechanism.From the perspective of farmers’ urbanized ability,this paper takes employability and social capital as the measurement indicators and farmers’ willingness and behavior to withdraw from their homesteads as the problem-oriented,constructs a theoretical analysis framework based on the Viability Theory and Farmers’ Behavior Theory,and combines micro data of farmers’ households from the 2020 China Land Economy Survey to analyze the impact of urbanized ability on farmers’ willingness and behavior to withdraw from their homesteads using the Probit model.Also,this paper analyzes the influence of urbanized ability on the consistency of willingness and behavior.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Urbanized ability promotes farmers’ homestead withdrawal.For homestead withdrawal willingness,both farmers’ employability and social capital have a significant positive effect.For homestead withdrawal behavior,the effect of employability is not significant,but there is a significant positive effect of social capital.In the endogeneity test,using the employability of other farm households within the same village and the average level of social capital as instrumental variables,the main findings still hold.(2)The urbanized ability has different effects on the farmers’ homestead withdrawal willingness and behavior.For the farmers’ homestead withdrawal willingness,urbanized ability only significantly promotes willingness of farmers in middle and high developed areas,non-agricultural farmers and high-income farmers.For homestead withdrawal behavior,urbanized ability significantly promotes behavior of farmers in middle and high developed areas and part-time farmers.It has a significant inhibitory effect on non-agricultural farmers’ behavior,and has no differential impact on farmers with different income levels.(3)In the short term,the promotion effect of employability has a lag,and farmers who have willingness but no action may not have time to implement the action,which makes employability an important factor for the inconsistency between farmers’ homestead withdrawal willingness and behavior.The enhancement of social capital reduces the constraints of farmers’ own endowment conditions and enhances the externalities,which can facilitate the transformation of farmers’ willingness into behavior.Based on the main findings,this paper puts forward three policy recommendations:(1)Enhance the level of farmers’ employability and social capital,and improve their urbanized ability and social integration.(2)Implement a differentiated policy arrangement for homestead withdrawal,and promote it sequentially by region and by group.(3)Construct a mechanism for synergistic linkage between compensation for homestead withdrawal and supporting policies such as housing,social security and education,so as to fully protect the social rights and interests of farmers who have withdrawn from their homesteads.The main contribution of the paper is to analyze the relationship between farmers’ urbanized ability and their willingness and behavior to withdraw from homesteads and the consistency between willingness and behavior,in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of farmers’ actual demand,thus leading to a deeper study of the relationship between farmers’ sustainable development and homestead withdrawal,and providing policy recommendations for optimizing the design of the incentive mechanism for homestead withdrawal and improving the homestead withdrawal system.