Study On The Changes In Local Financial Structure Of Hu Guang In The Early Middle Ming Dynasty

In the early middle Ming Dynasty,the local financial structure of Hu Guang Province changed to a great extent compared with that in the early Ming Dynasty,which mainly manifested in the emergence and strengthening of the trend of silver monetization.Although the financial principle of "materialism" established in the early Ming Dynasty still exists,with the frequent conversion of various revenue,the physical characteristics of the original financial system weakened.The specific structural changes can be reflected in several areas:land tax,material tributes,corvee,Ke Cheng tax,donation and salt tax and so on.The revenue and expenditure structure of land tax can roughly reflect the situation of local financial transformation.which mainly manifested in the trend of silver monetization.Since the early Ming Dynasty,the land tax was levied twice in summer and autumn,and the taxed grain was distributed in two parts: transportation and retention.In principle,land tax was levied on rice,wheat,cloth and other goods,but during the period from Zhengtong to Zhengde,the land tax was frequently levied in other patterns.Before Chenghua Dynasty,the patterns include silver,cloth,banknotes and other items,while after Chenghua Dynasty,silver was mostly pattern.The handling and payment methods of the material tributes show the characteristics of the coexistence of silver monetization and corvee.In the early middle Ming Dynasty,material tributes in Huguang has increased,some of which could pay silver and another part need to pay material object.In Zhengde Dynasty,the burden of material tributes was defined as a part of Lijia corvee,which showed that material tributes had some trend of corvee.Corvee plays a very important role in local finance,and its structural change is obvious.In the early middle Ming Dynasty,the burden of folk corvee in Huguang was increased,and its payment method was lack of unified standard.In order to strengthen the control of corvee,the local government implemented the "review and compilation of corvee".In this processes,the trend of silver monetization of corvee,such as junyao corvee and yichuan corvee was obvious,and local governments have strengthened their control over the grass-roots unit.The evolution trend of Ke Cheng taxl is roughly same with land tax in revenue and expenditure structure.Before Chenghua,such matters in Huguang area mainly taxed banknotes,grain,etc.And some also taxed silver.After Chenghua,the process of silver monetization was significantly accelerated.Donation and salt tax are more complex,and generally show the characteristics of silver monetization.The changes of the local financial structure of Huguang in the early middle Ming Dynasty had a far-reaching impact on the local social economy.From the specific changes,we can explore the operation mechanism of the local finance in this period.