Research On The Upgrading Path Of China’s Automobile Industry From The Perspective Of Global Value Chain

Due to the tightening of resource factors and the requirements of developed countries for vertical specialization,the global production network adopting the comparative advantage theory has promoted the rapid development of the world value chain(GVC)and the specialization of global industry division.China’s automobile industry,with its comparative advantages of low labor cost,rich resource factor endowment and high quality and low price,actively participates in the construction of global economic division system with the help of the world automobile industry value chain.However,due to the lack of development and design ability and brand promotion strength,the important position of China’s automobile in the world value chain is only fixed in the processing and production links with low added value.With the advent of the digital economy era,the process of economic globalization is accelerating day by day.At the same time,it also promotes the business exchanges between countries.With the increasing development of Internet technology,the traditional production and trade model is gradually replaced by the new derivative model.Based on this,this paper takes GVC theory as the basis,takes China’s automobile industry as the object,and combines the development status of China’s automobile industry to explore the upgrading path of China’s automobile industry from the perspective of global value chain.Firstly,based on GVC theory and industrial upgrading theory,this paper summarizes the relevant research of GVC,summarizes the development status of China’s automobile industry and analyzes its main characteristics in combination with the data of oica database and UN COMTRADE database.Combined with the relevant theories of global value chain,this paper measures the relevant indicators of GVC in China’s automobile industry,analyzes its existing problems,empirically analyzes its influencing factors,and puts forward the upgrading path of China’s automobile industry.The study found that although China’s automobile production and sales scale has ranked first in the world,compared with developed countries such as Europe,America and Japan,it is still lack of production technology and value chain governance ability.In terms of GVC measurement results,the GVC status index of China’s automobile industry fluctuates between 0.09-0.11.Compared with the United States,Japan,Germany and other countries,it is still generally backward.The main reason why China’s automobile industry is at the low end of the value chain is the serious shortage of R & D investment.The empirical analysis results show that the level of scientific and technological innovation has a positive and significant impact on the GVC status of the automobile industry;Through the regression results,this paper gives policy suggestions for the upgrading and development of China’s automobile industry from three aspects:innovation,production and enterprise subject: improve the innovation system,strengthen the production service mode,and give full play to the dominant position of enterprises in the automobile industry value chain.At present,the research and innovation activities with the characteristics of high added value in the automobile value chain are basically participated by enterprises in developed countries,which provides them with more knowledge and funds.Therefore,developed countries dominated by China must take increasing the share of high-end manufacturing factors in value innovation as a priority development policy to promote the upgrading of manufacturing industry.Generally speaking,China’s automobile industry still has many differences compared with traditional "strong automobile industry" such as Japan,Europe and the United States in important technology,independent brand investment,personnel reserve capacity training,industrial chain system development,quality control,foreign share and other fields.Therefore,making innovations and changes in R & D innovation,production division,value chain reconstruction and other aspects is an effective way for China’s automobile industry to enhance the status of the global value chain and realize industrial upgrading.