| With the continuous development of China’s economy,the income distribution gap among residents is also expanding.The problem of inequality of opportunity helps to find the reason behind the income gap,so that the inequality of opportunity has important practical significance for the study of the income gap of residents in my country.Based on Roemer’s "Environment-Effort" binary factor framework,this paper first combs through the channel mechanism of opportunity inequality.Secondly,using CGSS 2010-2015 survey data,the effect of inequality of opportunity on the income gap of residents was measured by improving the pre-parameter method.It distinguishes between the direct effects of "environmental" opportunity inequality on income inequality and the indirect effects of "effort" factors caused by the environment on income disparities.Finally,the Shapley value decomposition method is used to obtain the extent to which the inequality of opportunity caused by environmental factors contributes to the impact of income of residents.The main findings were as follows:(1)The direct effect of unequal income among residents from unequal opportunity was 37.26% and the indirect effect was 14.83% during the sample period.(2)The group data show that the first-born population faces higher levels of opportunity inequality than those born later,mainly due to the cumulative effect of opportunity inequality;The absolute value of opportunity inequality caused by direct effects is higher in rural areas than in urban areas,but the indirect value of opportunity inequality in rural areas caused by effort factors is lower than in urban areas;The absolute and relative values of its unequal opportunity are higher than those in the eastern and central regions.(3)In the single-factor decomposition of opportunity inequality,it is found that urban-rural differences,regions,ages,gender and family background are the main factors affecting income inequality. |
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