The Extent Inequality Of Opportunity Inducing Income Inequality

At present,Gini coefficient of income in our country is falling for years.But there appeared the phenomenon such as the second generation and the gap between urban and rural areas which has sparked the discussion oninequality of opportunity.Studying from the angle of the inequality of opportunity has a realistic significance to deeply understand the problem of income inequality in our country.Based on the theoretical connotation of inequality of opportunity,this article distinguish the "environment" and "effort" variableswhich influence income.Using mixed CGSS2010-2013 cross section data,through theparameter regression equation method this articleestimates the counterfactual income distribution which eliminate environment variable.Then this article measuresinequalityof opportunity and its influence degree on income inequality.Particularly,distinguishes the direct effect and indirect effect through education conduction.And the paper discuss the structure characteristics and tendency of inequality of opportunity.The basic conclusion of this article includes:First,the influence degreeof inequality of opportunity in education at present accounted for 68.37%.Furtherly grouping sample by bornyear,we find that the education inequality along with changing birth shows obvious downward trend,but the influence of opportunity of inequality is increasing.The main effect comes from the family education background and the household registration system.Secondly,thedirect influence degreein inequality of opportunity to income inequality is 37.61%.And the indirect effect through education conduction reached 58.41%.But grouped data shows that as the change of birth,the influence degree shows downward trend,which may attributeto theweakened indirect effect.Thirdly,after the factorization of inequality of opportunity,it is found that the main factors affecting income inequality is family education background(especially the mother's level of education),the household registration system,regional differences and gender discrimination.In rural areas the main factor of inequality of opportunityis gender discrimination,while it is intergenerational transmissionin urban areas.Older generation facing the main unfair comes from register restrictions and gender discrimination,but for the younger generation it is more from family background and regional differences.Finally,the paper puts forward policy suggestions.Through the realization of education fairness,to perfect the labor market,deepening the reform of household registration system to eliminate the inequality of opportunity,thus achieve the purpose of reducing the income gap.