| Phased array can change the direction of high gain beam or form specific beam shape according to needs,which is of great value to millimeter wave communication(including 5g/6g),radar,imaging and detection systems.The maximum scanning angle of phased array is one of the most important indexes of phased array antenna,which determines the coverage and scanning range of antenna.Due to the limitation of millimeter-wave band antenna processing technology,it is difficult to design wide-angle scanning phased array,so it is necessary to introduce new design methods to improve the scanning ability of phased array.Firstly,on the premise of using planar circuit technology,based on waveguide slot antenna structure,two kinds of wide-angle scanning phased array antennas are designed through dielectric resonator and "bending" slot structure respectively.Then,based on the "heterogeneous" design method and the "bending" slot wide-angle scanning phased array antenna,an ultra wide-angle scanning phased array is designed,which effectively improves the maximum scanning angle of the phased array.The specific research contents are as follows:1、Millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased array antenna based on dielectric resonator:firstly,by loading dielectric resonator and adopting "I" slot coupling feed structure,the matching performance of the 1×4 element array subarray and the active beam width of the array element are improved.Each element of the array subarray is fed by a parallel feed network to ensure better beam stability of the array subarray.Based on array subarray composition 4 ×4 element phased array antenna with array element spacing of 4.5mm(0.4 λ0@26.875GHz).The sample test shows that the phased array can achieve a gain greater than 15dbi and a scanning angle greater than±55° in the frequency band of 24.25-29.5GHz.2、Millimeter wave wide angle scanning phased array antenna based on "bending"slot:firstly,on the basis of waveguide slot array,the "bending" slot is used to replace the traditional straight slot,so as to reduce the uniformity of array element radiation aperture field on the premise of ensuring impedance bandwidth,reduce aperture efficiency and realize ultra wide array element beam,so as to realize 1 ×4 element waveguide slot array subarray.On this basis,based on the array subarray,4×4 element phased array antenna with array element spacing of 4.3mm(0.38 λ0@26.875GHz).The sample test shows that the phased array can achieve a gain of more than 11.6dbi in the frequency band of 24.25-29.5GHz and a scanning angle of more than ± 62 ° in the 5G millimeter wave band.3、Millimeter wave ultra wide angle scanning phased array antenna based on heterogeneous array structure:according to the working principle of heterogeneous phased array antenna,the wide angle scanning phased array antenna based on "bending" slot adjusts its radiation beam direction by adjusting the unit structure on both sides of the array antenna,and takes the beam direction of the array element as the optimization goal of wide angle scanning phased array antenna,so as to realize the 4×4 heterogeneous phased array antenna with ultra wide angle scanning ability.Based on this new antenna design and a program for post-processing HFSS simulation data using MATLAB platform,the scanning angle of the phased array antenna in 5G millimeter-wave band is further increased to more than ± 74.9 °.Compared with the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on "bending" slot,only 0.8 dBi gain is sacrificed,and the test and simulation results are in good agreement. |
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