Design Of Base Station Antenna With Heat Dissipation Function Based On Structure Fusion

With the advent of the 5G era,the demand for data traffic continues to increase sharply,resulting in a significant increase in the power consumption and heat generation of the base station system.The increase in power consumption means an increase in heat dissipation.If the heat dissipation is not timely,the ambient temperature inside the base station will rise rapidly.Once the temperature is higher than the rated maximum temperature,the performance and stability of the internal equipment of the system will be seriously affected.Therefore,the heat dissipation of 5G base stations is facing severe challenges.How to use effective heat dissipation methods to improve the heat dissipation performance of the system in a limited space has become a major problem that needs to be solved urgently for base station antennas.The traditional methods to solve this problem generally include air cooling,water cooling,and air-conditioning heat dissipation.However,the above heat dissipation methods cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements of the current new generation of base station antennas due to their own limitations,complex manufacturing processes and high costs.In the case of limited resource space,if the heat dissipation structure can be properly used and integrated into the antenna,or the antenna itself is designed as a radiator with excellent heat dissipation performance,it can not only greatly save space and reduce the energy consumption of the base station,but also appropriate heat dissipation structure can improve the radiation performance of the antenna,which will have great reference value and significance for the heat dissipation of 5G base stations.The base station antenna with heat dissipation function based on structure fusion can effectively integrate the antenna structure and the heat dissipation structure.On the premise of ensuring that the electromagnetic performance of the antenna is not affected,the heat dissipation performance of the base station antenna can be improved through a reasonable layout of space.In the case of deep fusion,the heat dissipation structure itself can also be designed as a good electromagnetic radiator.The base station antenna based on structure fusion can not only realize the aperture integration of traditional multiple antennas with different polarizations and different frequency bands,but also make it possible to integrate structures with other functions such as antennas and radiators.Based on the above application background,this paper designs an antenna with a preliminary fusion heat sink structure and two antennas with a deep fusion heat sink and their corresponding antenna arrays,and then designs a broadband dual-polarized antenna element based on a heat-dissipating PIN structure and its corresponding antenna array.1.A dual-polarized antenna element with a preliminary fusion heat sink structure is designed.The heat sink is introduced as a parasitic structure into the hollow part of the radiator of the square ring dipole antenna.The antenna works at 3.12-3.99GHz(S11<-15 d B).In order to widen the beamwidth of the antenna and improve the cross-polarization discrimination(XPD)of the antenna in the low-elevation direction,the method of loading a metal cavity around the antenna is used to introduce vertical current to achieve widening of the beamwidth.2.Two kinds of antenna elements with a deep fusion heat sink structure are designed.One is in the form of an all-metal structure.The heat sink is used as the radiation body.By adjusting its height,the radiation pattern of the antenna can be adjusted.The antenna works at 2.95-3.88 GHz(VSWR<1.5);another radiator is in the form of dielectric printing,which connects the heat sink with the square ring radiation patch and short-circuits it to the ground to realize the deep integration of the antenna and the heat sink structure,and uses a special feeding method to avoid blocking of heat dissipation air ducts.In order to verify the radiation performance of the dielectric antenna unit and analyze its heat dissipation performance,a 2× 3 antenna array was designed with the above-mentioned antenna as the array element,and the array operates at 3.24-3.83 GHz(VSWR<1.5).3.A broadband dual-polarized antenna element based on a heat-dissipating PIN structure is designed,which is developed from a traditional crossed dipole.By introducing PIN structures of different heights on the ground,the radiator and between the two to form the antenna with a good heat dissipation performance,the antenna radiating element are formed into a 3 × 3 array,and the dislocation arrangement is used to improve the isolation between the elements.The antenna works at 3.01-4.01GHz(VSWR<1.5).