Research On Xia Zhenyou’s Historical Education Thought

Through the analysis of Xia Zengyou’s political treatises and his textbook "The Latest Middle School Textbook Chinese History",this paper analyzes his thoughts on education and history education.This paper analyzes and evaluates Xia ’s broad educational thought and historical educational thought from five aspects of educational purpose,educator and educatee,educational method and means,educational evaluation and textbook.In terms of educational objectives,Xia Zengyou,starting from meeting the needs of social reform,proposed different educational objectives for the literati and officials and the general public,namely,"develop the wisdom of officials","develop the wisdom of scholars" and "develop the wisdom of the people".He believed that history education should be aimed at "taking history as a mirror",implementing "patriotic education" and propagating the thought of "reform".In terms of the provisions for educators,Xia believes that teachers need not be better than students in every aspect,but should have good professional quality and moral level.Teachers are purely engaged in teaching profession,should not be given other utilitarian social status;Teachers should care and love students,advocate the establishment of a mutual learning,equality,mutual knowledge and intimacy relationship between teachers and students;A good atmosphere of respect for teachers should be formed in the whole society.This respect for teachers is based on the correct understanding of the importance of the role of teachers.In terms of the regulation of the educated,he divided the educated into two categories,the scholar-official group and the broad masses of the lower class,and made a profound analysis of the characteristics of the two groups.In terms of social education methods,Xia advocated the educational method of "novel theory".For school history education,he emphasized that history teaching should clarify the teaching purpose,construct the historical situation properly,emphasize the doubts and historical evidence,flexibly use various types and forms of historical data,interdisciplinary teaching,emphasize the timing and stage historical characteristics,and make full use of analogy method.He emphasizes Chinese and foreign analogies,interprets history with advanced "evolutionary history view" and emphasizes acceptability.In terms of teaching evaluation,Xia denounced the irrationality of single teaching evaluation standards and evaluation methods,and proposed revision suggestions to the examination system,advocating that teaching evaluation should be consistent with teaching,and the system and policy of teaching evaluation should reflect the needs of the masses.As for the compilation of textbooks,he believes that teaching and learning should be the starting point and guiding social practice.Based on the above analysis,it can be seen that his thoughts on history education were leading and pioneering at that time,and he was an important representative of the thoughts on history education in the period of reform of the late Qing Dynasty.He not only had the commonness of thoughts in the period of transformation of the late Qing Dynasty,but also had his own uniqueness.As the historical education thought in the transition period,it still has the limitation of the times,but with its forward-looking times,it also has guiding significance to the current educational reform and the reform of history teaching.