| From the perspective of functionalism,the middle-income group plays an indelible role in the development of all aspects of society.In the market economy,the middle income group is considered to have strong consumption power,and consumption plays a fundamental driving force to the economy.In the social structure,the middle-income group plays a role in moderating the upper and lower classes,because it represents a stable and conservative image.Therefore,cultivating and expanding middle-income groups is an important measure to improve the distribution structure and enhance social stability.The report to the Party’s 20 th National Congress in 2022 once again stressed the need to raise the share of individual income in national income distribution and the share of remuneration in primary distribution.We should encourage hard work to make people rich,promote equitable opportunities,increase the income of low-income groups,and expand the middle-income group.Based on this concept,this paper selects(CSS)data from 2011 to 2021,analyzes the scale change and structural characteristics of middle-income groups in recent ten years,and analyzes the reasons influencing Chinese residents’ income by using quantile regression model and the important factors influencing people’s subjective life expectations by using hierarchical regression model.In order to gain a deeper understanding of middle-income groups and try to put forward targeted suggestions.This paper argues that the size of the middle-income group has shown a certain trend of expansion in recent ten years,but generally speaking,the proportion is still small,and the urban-rural gap is large,economic development and the absolute increase of income has not changed the problem of the relatively small proportion of the middle-income group.In addition,there are structural regional differences in the middle income group.The proportion of middle income group in urban residents is much larger than that in rural residents.Moreover,there is also the problem of structural disharmony among middle income groups,with the majority of middle and low income groups,while the proportion of middle income groups and middle and high income groups is relatively small.In terms of subjective class identity and sense of social justice,all income groups have a low sense of fairness in wealth distribution.About 35% of people think that the distribution of wealth or income is "unfair" or "very unfair".Fortunately,compared with the lower sense of fairness of wealth distribution,the overall sense of social justice of all income groups is higher and the proportion of subjective middle class is larger.In the study of quantile regression model that affects people’s income,the analysis results show that in the five years from 2017 to 2021,the influence of gender on income is weakening day by day,the influence of region on income is strengthening day by day,and the influence of urban and rural attributes and educational background on income is long-term and stable in China.The results of stratified regression model show that age,family unemployment pressure and house buying pressure have significant negative correlation with life expectancy,which means that the younger people are more optimistic about life expectancy,the more optimistic people without family unemployment pressure and the more optimistic people without house buying pressure.Family per capita annual income,health insurance,child rearing cost pressure and child education cost pressure did not have a significant impact on life expectancy. |
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