Study On The Improvement Of Resilience Of Rural Left Behind Children In Southwest Guangxi

With the development of China economy,more and more farmers work in cities,and a large number of children are left behind in their hometown.By the end of August 2018,there were 6.97 million rural left behind children in China.Around left behind children,it is generally believed that,compared with non left behind children,left behind children have more problems in mental health,behavior performance and so on.Different from this "problem perspective",resilience starts from the "advantage perspective",believing that children can develop healthy coping strategies in crisis or pressure situations.For left behind children in the critical period of personality development,the importance of improving resilience is obvious.Taking the left behind children in village A of D County in Guangxi as an example,this study estimates and analyzes the resilience of the left behind children in village A by means of Adolescent Resilience Scale Measurement and semi-structured interview.The scale data and interview information shows that most of the students’ resilience level is low,showing that "negative self-awareness,avoiding difficulties" and "estranged peer relationship,being violent when solving disputes".They are characterized by "limited parent-child communication,more academic attention and less emotional support" and "insufficient community participation,low sense of belonging to the village".Through the advantage estimation,we also find that the service objects have some advantages and potentials,which are "personal advantages","childhood common memory among the same generation groups in the village","opportunities for parents to return home" and "resources of local culture and traditional festivals in the village".According to the data obtained from the prediction analysis,the researcher takes 12 left behind children whose resilience is at a low level as the service objects,and carries out the resilience improvement project based on the resilience theory and ecosystem theory,using the reciprocal model.The project starts from the internal and external protection factors of left behind children,and carries out social work services around four dimensions of "self-efficacy","peer support","family support" and "sense of community belonging" through the integrated social work method of group work and community work.Through the combination of quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods,it is found that the project has achieved certain results.Among the 12 clients,11 children’s resilience level has been significantly improved.They can take a positive view of their own advantages and improve their self-confidence;they tend to have a good relationship with their peers and learn how to deal with disputes calmly;the number of parent-child communication has increased;and they have a stronger sense of responsibility and belonging to the community.On the whole,the three dimensions of "self-efficacy","peer support" and "sense of community belonging" were improved significantly,and the intervention effect of "family support" was relatively limited.In addition,the study reflects on the theory,method and ethics of intervention.The research shows that the resilience improvement project under the guidance of ecosystem theory adheres to a holistic perspective of "individual-environment",pays attention to the excavation of the service object’s own ability and the use of environmental resources,improves its resilience by increasing the connection between the service objects and various systems in the living environment,especially attaches importance to the role of community protection factors,improves the sense of community belonging of service objects by increasing the participation of service objects in community activities.In the research,social worker gives full play to the professional value,establishes close contact with the service objects by playing the role of companion and listener,and becomes an important "protective factor" of the service objects.However,due to the impact of the epidemic and the fact that the living space of parents and children is separated,the intervention effect of "family dimension" is relatively limited,and there is still much more for exploration in this dimension in the future.In addition,the departure of social worker also challenges the sustainability of project-based services,which also enlightens us the urgency and important value of introducing professional social workers to provide long-term services.Due to the particularity and sensitivity of left behind children,social worker encounters some ethical dilemmas in the process of practice,such as the relationship boundary between social worker and service objects,empathy and anti-empathy in practice,non judgment principle and self-determination of service objects,confidentiality principle and the conflict of multiple roles of social workers.We need to fully consider the actual situation and the principle of individualization of service objects,and make ethical choices in line with professional requirements.