Research On The Impact Of Non-agricultural Employment Stability On The Quality Of Farmers’ Income And Promotion Path

The report of the 20 th Party Congress stated that high-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in all aspects.In view of the goal of high-quality development,it is important to realize farmers’ income from “ quantitative growth”to“quality improvement”in the new development stage.The improvement of the quality of farmers’ income not only promotes the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas,but also is of great significance to the realization of common prosperity.However,it is a reality that the quality level of farmers’ income in China is generally low,with the problems of sluggish income growth,single source and low knowledge content,etc.A more sufficient and higher quality employment is an effective way to improve the quality of farmers’ income.The report of the 19 th Party Congress proposed to promote multi-channel employment and entrepreneurship for migrant workers,and achieve higher quality and better employment.It also pointed out that employment is the most important livelihood,bringing the employment issue to a high level.The stability of non-agricultural employment is an important indicator of employment quality.From the perspective of households,the study of the relationship between the stability of non-agricultural employment and the income quality of farmers,and the exploration of the path to improve the stability of non-agricultural employment of farmers can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of relevant policies to improve the quality of employment and income quality of farmers.Based on the classical model of labor force transfer,labor market segmentation theory,and human capital-related theory,combined with domestic and foreign research results,this paper constructs the theoretical framework of the intrinsic relationship between non-agricultural employment stability and income quality of farmers,as well as the path to improve the stability of non-agricultural employment of farmers.Further,using the survey data of 528 non-agricultural employment farmers in Xi’an,Xianyang,Baoji and Hanzhong,Shaanxi Province,this paper measured and analyzed the stability of non-agricultural employment and income quality of farmers;using the least squares method(OLS)and ERM model to empirically test the comprehensive effect of non-agricultural employment stability on income quality of farmers;using the quantile regression method and the grouping regression method,this paper explores the heterogeneous effect of non-agricultural employment stability on income quality of farmers,and uses the stepwise regression method to explore the improvement path of farmers’ non-agricultural employment stability from five aspects: family human capital,social network,Internet use,employment characteristics,and village characteristics.The results are as follows.(1)First,the non-agricultural stability of the sample farmers is low,with only 11.36% of the higher level and high level of stable non-agricultural employment,but 40.15% of the lower level and lower level of stable non-agricultural employment.Second,the income quality level of the sample farmers is low.The total income of farmers is at a moderate to a high level,but the balance level is low and the income adequacy needs to be improved.Revenue growth is generally sound,but future revenue source expansion needs to be improved.The structure of revenue sources is diversified,but the quantitative structure is single.The economic cost and time cost of acquiring revenue are low,but the health cost of acquiring revenue is high,and the knowledgeability of revenue is low.(2)On the whole,non-agricultural employment stability has been enhanced significantly on the income quality of farmers.The heterogeneity analysis shows that as the income quality quantile rises,the enhancing effect of non-agricultural employment stability on farmers’ income quality shows an upward trend,which means that the enhancing effect of non-agricultural employment stability on the income quality of high level income quality farmers is more obvious.Non-agricultural employment stability plays a less important role in improving the income quality of farmers in the new generation compared to the old and middle generations.Non-agricultural employment stability has a more significant role in improving income quality for farmers with strong social networks compared to farmers with low social networks.Compared with the purely labor-oriented farmers,the non-agricultural employment stability has a greater effect on improving the income quality of farmers whose work is mixed and purely skilled.Compared with those working exclusively locally,non-agricultural employment stability can improve the income quality of farmers working as mixed and purely foreign workers to a greater extent.(3)Family human capital,Internet use,and employment characteristics have significant effects on the non-agricultural employment stability of farmers.Among family human capital,the average age,average education,and training of household labor have a significant positive effect on the stability of non-agricultural employment of farmers.Among Internet use,household use of cell phone access has a significant negative effect on the non-agricultural employment stability of farmers.Among the employment characteristics,the nature of the unit,the nature of the occupation,and the region of employment have a significant effect on the non-agricultural employment stability of farmers.Specifically,the higher the ratio of the number of people employed in the party and governmental institutions to the number of household labor force and the number of people employed in state-owned enterprises to the number of household labor force,the higher the non-agricultural employment stability of farmers.The more skill-oriented the jobs of the household labor force,the higher the non-agricultural employment stability of farmers.And those farmers with people employed in the eastern region have higher non-agricultural employment stability.Based on the above findings,this paper proposes countermeasures to improve the quality of farmers’ income and the stability of non-agricultural employment,including promoting the equalization of basic public services and improving social security;building a high-quality education system in rural areas and encouraging farmers to receive "re-education";encouraging enterprises to assume social responsibility and regulating their employment practices;making up the shortcomings of employment security in central and western regions and building regional central cities;broadening access to employment information and encouraging farmers to engage in bywork.