Rural Residential Land Withdrawal,Non-agricultural Employment And Farmers’ Livelihood Capital

Since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented 40 years ago,China’s economy and society have rapidly developed.With the deepening of industrialization and urbanization and the relaxation of the urban-rural dual household registration system,a large number of rural labor forces have flowed into the urban production sector,and the migrant worker phenomenon has become a social hot topic.The non-agricultural transfer of rural labor has exacerbated the extensive utilization and inefficient use of rural land,collective construction land,and homesteads,highlighting the rural land problem.Deepening the rural land system reform is an inevitable requirement for achieving rural revitalization.The withdrawal of homestead land,as an important practice for the national rural land system reform pilot,has important significance for improving land resources and promoting coordinated urban development.The implementation of the homestead land withdrawal policy has changed the original production and living methods of rural households,promoted their non-agricultural employment,and changed their livelihood capital.The improvement of rural households’ livelihood capital is conducive to the development of their sustainable livelihood capacity,promotes the overall improvement of their living standards,and enhances their sense of satisfaction and happiness.Therefore,studying and analyzing the impact of homestead land withdrawal and non-agricultural employment on rural households’ livelihood capital is of great value for improving the homestead land withdrawal policy,raising the level of livelihood capital of homestead withdrawal households,and expanding the effectiveness of rural homestead land system reform.This thesis constructs a theoretical analysis framework for the impact of homestead land withdrawal and non-agricultural employment on rural households’ livelihood capital,based on existing relevant research results and theories such as new migration economics theory,rural household behavior theory,homestead land three rights separation theory,and sustainable livelihood framework.Using micro-research data from 347 households in the homestead land withdrawal pilot area of Qionglai City,Sichuan Province,the current situation of homestead land withdrawal in Qionglai City is analyzed and explained first.Secondly,a livelihood capital evaluation system for rural households is established,and a livelihood capital result analysis is conducted.Then,the homestead land withdrawal decision equation is constructed to eliminate insignificant variables.Considering sample self-selection bias and household heterogeneity,the propensity score matching method is used to study the impact of homestead land withdrawal on rural households’ livelihood capital.Furthermore,the coupling coordination degree of rural households’ livelihood capital is calculated to study the intrinsic impact of homestead land withdrawal on rural households’ livelihood capital.The mediating effect model is used to study the role of homestead land withdrawal on rural households’ livelihood capital and the effect of non-agricultural employment.Finally,specific suggestions are proposed to improve the homestead land withdrawal policy,enhance the implementation effectiveness of homestead land withdrawal,and promote the improvement of rural households’ livelihood capital,providing theoretical basis and beneficial reference for the deepening promotion of homestead land withdrawal policy.According to the research logic and empirical results of the article,the following research conclusions are drawn:(1)The withdrawal of homestead has a significant positive impact on the total livelihood capital of farmers,that is,the withdrawal of homestead foundation increases the total livelihood capital of farmers.(2)There are differences in the impact of homestead withdrawal on farmers’ livelihood capital.Specifically,the withdrawal of homestead improves the human capital,physical capital and financial capital of farmers,but has no obvious impact on the natural capital and social capital of farmers.The withdrawal of homestead has a positive impact on human capital,increasing human capital by approximately 0.075;The withdrawal of homestead has a positive impact on physical capital,which increases physical capital by about 0.370;The withdrawal of homestead has a positive impact on financial capital,which has increased physical capital by about 0.004.(3)The withdrawal of homestead has a positive impact on the coupling coordination level of farmers’ livelihood capital.The coordination degree of livelihood capital coupling between households who have withdrawn their homestead and those who have not withdrawn their homestead has increased by 0.018,indicating that the withdrawal of homestead has improved the coordination relationship of livelihood capital in different dimensions.(4)In the impact of homestead withdrawal on farmers’ total livelihood capital,non-agricultural employment plays a mediating effect.The analysis based on the mediating effect model shows that non-agricultural employment has a positive impact on farmers’ total livelihood capital,that is,the withdrawal of housing base increases farmers’ total livelihood capital through the increase of non-agricultural employment.(5)Non-agricultural employment plays a mediating role in the impact of homestead withdrawal on the livelihood capital of farmers in different dimensions.After the withdrawal of homesteads,the increase in non-agricultural employment promotes the enhancement of farmers’ human capital,and the path of action is "homestead withdrawal → non-agricultural employment→ human capital";The improvement of non-agricultural employment has also promoted the improvement of farmers’ financial capital,with the path of "homestead withdrawal →non-agricultural employment → financial capital".(6)Proposed countermeasures and suggestions for formulating homestead exit policies guided by the construction of "sustainable development oriented" livelihoods.Strengthen the training and guidance of farmers’ employment skills based on their labor employment needs,and enhance their non-agricultural employment ability.Taking the reform of rural homestead system as a starting point,we will vigorously improve the livelihood ability of farmers and families,and effectively enhance the development and sustainability of farmers’ livelihoods.