Functional Monitoring And Evaluation Of Chinese Female Paralympic Snowboarders During Non-snow Season Physical Training

Research purposes: In the context of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games,there are both opportunities and challenges for winter sports training.The development of winter sports is relatively late in China,and the establishment of sport-specific training monitoring systems is in its early stages.In this study,the first-line female members of the national disabled snowboarding team were used to monitor their functional status during off-season land-based physical training,in order to evaluate the athletes’ sports training load arrangement,functional level and sports training effect during this period,and to ensure the athletes’ training for the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympics.The aim is to lay a data foundation for the establishment of a disabled snowboarding training monitoring system in China,and to provide a theoretical reference for China’s female Paralympic snowboarders to achieve excellent results.Research Methods: Four female athletes from the national disabled snowboarding team were used in this study.During the off-season physical training preparation period(2 May 2021-3 July 2021)at Shanghai Sports Institute,data from physiological and biochemical functional tests such as body weight,body fat,muscle mass,body mass index,red blood cells,red blood cell pressure product,haemoglobin,white blood cells,serum creatine kinase,blood urea,blood testosterone,cortisol,blood testosterone to cortisol ratio,urinary decathlon,maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic power were The data were monitored and analysed for changes in the indicators of the four athletes as a whole and for each athlete individually.All data were processed and analysed using SPSS26.0 and Microsoft Excel 2011.Histograms were used to test the normal distribution of the data,paired t-test ANOVA was used for index data collected twice before and after the training period,and one-way ANOVA was used for index data collected more than twice during the training period,with a significant difference of P<0.05.The effect of non-snow season physical training on athletes’ physiological function and athletic ability was also analysed by calculating the effect size of changes in the same index before and after the non-snow season physical training period The effect of off-season physical training on athletes’ physiological performance and athletic ability was analysed by calculating the effect size of the same index before and after the off-season training period,with 0.2|d|<0.5 indicating a small effect,0.5|d|<0.8indicating a medium effect and |d|≥0.8 indicating a large effect.The valid data were transformed using Graph Padprism 5.0 software and then plotted.Results:1.After the non-snow season physical training period athletes showed an upward trend in overall body weight,muscle and BMI,and a downward trend in body fat.The rest of the athletes showed the same trend as the overall trend.2.After the non-snow training period,there was a downward trend in the overall erythrocytes,haemoglobin,red blood cell pressure,white blood cells and cortisol,and an upward trend in serum creatine kinase,blood urea,testosterone and testosterone-to-cortisol ratio,and there was a significant difference in blood urea(P<0.05).Among them,C showed an increasing trend and testosterone to cortisol ratio showed a decreasing trend after the training period in D athletes,while the rest of the athletes’ indicators showed the same trend as the overall trend.3.In the maximal oxygen uptake test,athletes’ maximal oxygen uptake increased after the non-snow season physical training.In the Wingate30 s test,the increase in peak power and average power and the decrease in fatigue index of athletes after non-snow season physical training.In Athlete A,the fatigue index increased after the training period,and the rest of the athletes’ indicators changed in a trend consistent with the overall trend.Conclusion:1.The overall morphological indicators during the off-season physical training period were characterised by changes in favour of athletic performance after the off-season physical training period,as evidenced by a significant increase in body weight and muscle mass,and a good reduction in body fat,although there was a significant gap with the able-bodied elite skiers.2.The overall characteristics of the blood indicators during the off-season physical training were: red blood cell,haemoglobin,red blood cell pressure,and white blood cell levels showed a decrease over the training period,testosterone,cortisol,and testosterone to cortisol ratios reflected well throughout the offseason physical training period,blood urea test results showed a "U-shaped" curve,and serum muscle mass showed a "U-shaped" curve.The results of the blood urea test showed a "U-shaped" curve and the serum creatine kinase showed an increasing trend as the training load increased,but none of the test results were abnormal,reflecting that the athletes did not suffer from excessive fatigue during the non-snow season.3.In terms of functional indicators,the athletes’ maximal oxygen uptake,maximal power and average power all increased before and after the non-snow training period,and the athletes’ aerobic and anaerobic capacities were effecttively improved.