Study On The Effect Of Swimming On Children’s Health Fitness

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of swimming on the health fitness of children aged 9-11 years old who participated in swimming training and the changes in the health fitness indexes of children with different training years,and to provide experimental and theoretical bases for promoting the popularity and scientific training of swimming among children and improving their health fitness.Methods: This study used the literature method,experimental method and mathematical statistics.120 children(60 males and 60 females)aged 9-11 years old in the swimming pool of Shanxi University and Fuli City swimming pool,including 30 children who participated in swimming training for the first time and 90 children who participated in swimming training for a long time(30 children in training for one year,30 children in training for two years and 30 children in training for three years,15 children of each sex in each training year group)were used for this study.The age of each training group was tested by one-way ANOVA with no significant difference.The health fitness indexes measured before the first school children were used as the control group,and the indexes of each training group were statistically analyzed.Body shape(height,weight,circumference,sebum thickness),cardiorespiratory fitness(spirometry,step index,maximal oxygen uptake),muscular fitness(grip strength,standing long jump,sit-ups),flexibility(seated forward bend),balance fitness(standing on one foot with eyes closed),and body composition(basal metabolism,fat content,muscle content,protein content)were selected to evaluate children’s health fitness.Longitudinal measurements of each index were performed before and after 15 days of swimming training for the beginner children,respectively,and cross-sectional measurements of each index were also performed for the long-trained children with different training years,and paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA were performed on the test data using SPSS analysis software(IBM SPSS Statistics 24).Results:(1)After 15 days of swimming training,the lung capacity,maximal oxygen uptake,and step index of the beginning boys and girls were significantly higher(P < 0.05);the grip strength,flexibility fitness,and basal metabolic index of the boys increased significantly(P < 0.05)The changes of the remaining indexes were not significantly different.(2)The analysis of health fitness indexes of children after initial training and children in each year of long training showed that:Among the body morphological indicators,the weight of girls with three years of long training was significantly higher than that of girls with one year of initial and long training(P < 0.05);the chest circumference of boys with one year of long training was significantly lower than that of boys with initial training(P < 0.05);the waist circumference of boys with all years of long training was significantly lower than that of boys with initial training(P < 0.05);the hip circumference of boys with one year of long training was significantly lower than that of boys with initial training(P < 0.05);the triceps fold of boys with one and two years of long training was significantly lower than that of boys with initial training;the The thickness of the brachial triceps fold was significantly lower than that of the primary school boys;the thickness of the brachial triceps fold was significantly lower than that of the primary school boys in the one-year and two-year long training boys(P < 0.05),and the thickness of the brachial triceps fold was significantly lower than that of the primary school and one-year training girls in the three-year long training girls;the thickness of the shoulder nail fold was significantly lower than that of the primary school boys in the boys in all years of long training(P <0.05).In cardiopulmonary fitness,the lung capacity of boys with three years of long training was significantly higher than that of boys with one year of training(P < 0.05),and the lung capacity of girls with three years of long training was significantly higher than that of girls with one year of training(P < 0.05);the step index and maximum oxygen uptake of children with long training were significantly higher than those of children with one year of training(P < 0.05).In muscle fitness,the standing long jump of boys in the second and third year of long training was better than that of boys in other training years(P < 0.05),and the standing long jump of girls in the third year of training was better than that of girls in the first year of training(P < 0.05);the sit-ups of boys in the second and third year of long training were significantly higher than those of boys in other training years(P < 0.05),and the sit-ups of girls in the third year of long training were significantly higher than those of girls in the first year of training(P < 0.05).In flexibility and fitness,sitting forward bends were higher in boys with two and three years of training than in boys with other years of training(P < 0.05),and sitting forward bends were significantly higher in girls with three years of training than in boys with other years of training(P < 0.05).The sitting forward bend of girls with three years of long training was higher than that of girls with one year of long training(P < 0.05).In balance fitness,children in all years of long training stood on one foot with eyes closed more than children in the first year of training(P < 0.01).In body composition,the basal metabolism was significantly higher in boys in the first year of long training than in boys in the beginning(P < 0.05);the fat content was lower in boys in all years of long training than in children in the beginning(P < 0.05);and the muscle content was higher in boys in the second and third years of long training than in boys in the beginning(P < 0.05).Conclusions:(1)15 days of swimming training can significantly improve the cardiorespiratory fitness of beginning children,can increase basal metabolism,has a positive effect on body shape and body composition,and also reduces the risk of obesity.(2)Children who participated in long-term swimming training showed significant increases in cardiorespiratory,muscular,flexibility,and balance fitness with increasing years of training;changes in body composition were not significant in girls,and boys showed an increase in muscle content as well as a decrease in fat content;it should be noted that the changes in the indicators of children’s health fitness in this study were not only influenced by swimming training,but also related to individual growth and development and dietary nutrition,among other factors.