Research On The Development Process Of Quality Assurance System Of American Doctoral Education (From The Second Half Of 19th Century To The End Of 20th Century)

Doctoral students are one of the main supporting forces on the road of building a strong socialist country in China,and the quality of doctoral education affects the achievements of China’s socialist construction directly.China’s doctoral education started relatively late,and the quality assurance in the process of doctoral education has not yet formed a complete system.American doctoral education started in the second half of 19 th century,and has formed a relatively complete quality assurance system.So,based on the basic national conditions of China’s socialist construction and learn from the experience in the development of American doctoral education quality assurance system,which has a positive significance for the construction of China’s doctoral quality assurance system.From a historical point of view,this study examines the development history of the quality assurance system of doctoral education in the United States from the second half of the 19 th century to the end of the20 th century.According to the characteristics of doctoral education,it can be divided into four different periods: the emergence stage(from the second half of the 19 th century to the beginning of the 20 th century),the development stage(from the beginning of the 20 th century to the end of World War II),the deepening stage(from the end of World War II to the 1970s)and the completion stage(from the 1970 s to the end of the 20 th century).From the perspective of structure,this study expounds the development process of American doctoral education quality assurance system from both internal and external dimensions.In the internal dimension,it expounds the education management of doctoral students and the development and changes of doctoral tutor system.In the management of doctoral education,from the changes in enrollment,course study,thesis writing and thesis defense to reflect the quality requirements in different periods.Doctoral tutor is a key link in the process of doctoral education,which has an important impact on the quality of doctoral education.By combing the doctoral tutor system,this paper shows some influences on doctoral education in different periods.In the external dimension,it mainly involves two main aspects: American higher education professional accreditation system and American doctoral education evaluation system.According to the changes of the market,the professional accreditation system of American higher education provides industry standards for the development of doctoral education.After going through the emergence and development,the trough and recovery,it finally formed a national professional accreditation system,which promoted the development of doctoral education quality from the professional perspective.On the other hand,the evaluation system of doctoral education in the United States experienced the development of prestige research stage,objective index research stage and quantitative index research stage.In the continuous research,more doctoral institutions were brought into the scope of quality evaluation,which increased the vitality and motivation of the development of doctoral institutions and promoted the development of doctoral education quality.In the process of doctoral education,the quality assurance system of doctoral education in the United States had been continuously developed under the joint action of internal and external factors.