| Physical education textbooks in colleges and universities,as a way of reflecting the content of subject teaching and research,as a yardstick to measure education level,play an important role in the gymnastics curriculum.Studying the content evolution of gymnastics textbooks in colleges and universities is the historical trend of textbook construction,the need to make up for the shortage,and the demand of the development of the new era.Using the literature method,comparative analysis method,interview method and other methods,the content of college gymnastics textbooks prepared and published in our country is studied.The time of publication of the textbooks is used as the main line for vertical comparison,and the textbooks of different publishing houses formed by the "shunt" development of the textbooks are used as the secondary line for horizontal comparison.From the college gymnastics textbook reform process,the basic situation,content evolution,the evolution of the deficiencies and the development trend of the new era,etc.To promote the improvement,perfection and innovation of the content system of gymnastics textbooks in institutions of higher learning,provide some experience and suggestions,and at the same time explore a scientific,reasonable and perfect theoretical knowledge system of gymnastics textbooks,and improve the structure and content of gymnastics textbooks Provide reference and reference for the systematic and scientific nature.The results show that:(1)The development of Chinese college gymnastics teaching materials has experienced a lot of difficulties from scratch and from single to multiple.There have been seven periods in the more than 70 years since New China:(1)The period of learning from foreign textbook(1949-1960);(2)Self-compiled exploration period of teaching materials(1961-1965);(3)Stagnant period of textbook development(1966-1976);(4)Recovery period of textbook construction(1977-1984);(5)The period of accelerated development of textbooks(1985-2000);(6)The textbook tends to be stable(2001-2010);(7)Multiple innovation period of teaching materials(2011 till now).The editions of each period have played a positive role in promoting the construction of textbooks and even the development of education.(2)After dozens of editions of college gymnastics teaching materials reform,the basic situation of all aspects of the differences show different evolution characteristics.In terms of basic information textbooks,the press mainly selects people’s sports and higher education for printing and publishing,and also uses Beijing Sports University and Science,etc.The publication time of the "higher education edition" is a little later than the "human body edition",but the five-year edition is more regular;The main applicable objects of the textbooks generally show the evolution characteristics of expanding the scope,"body edition","higher education edition" and other textbooks tend to college physical education major students;Textbook pricing increases with time by category or overall comparison;The number of chapters in the textbook generally shows a wavy decline,and the number of chapters in the "human edition" is generally higher than that in the "higher education edition".Before the 21 st century,it was mainly 32 open,and then 16 open.The "body edition" usually uses 787mm×1092mm paper,and the "higher education edition" Group 1and 2 combined edition textbooks use 850×1168mm and 787×960mm paper respectively.The number of words in the textbook fluctuates with the update of the edition in a wavy curve,with the trough value and peak value being 170,000 words(1989 edition)and500,000 words(2014 edition)respectively.The change curve of the number of pages is similar to the number of words in the textbook.In terms of textbook editors,with the update of the edition,the division of responsibilities for editors has been strengthened.The chief editor or even deputy editor of the edition is clearly marked on the basis of participating in the compilation,serial editing or unified editing.Some textbooks of "higher education edition" also mark the information of the unit or the chapter in charge of the author.(3)The evolution of each part of the textbook content varies.(1)In terms of the number of chapters,the section of "human body edition" is 18-28 chapters,showing a wavy development trend.The section of "higher education edition" is 10-16 chapters,showing a trend of decreasing first and then stabilizing;The "Northern Style edition" has 5chapters,and the "Scientific edition" has 10 chapters.Micro chapter content,the basic content is relatively fixed and unified.It includes theoretical knowledge such as gymnastics overview,terminology,protection and help,and technical content such as basic gymnastics,light apparatus and apparatus gymnastics.The differences are reflected in the setting of chapters and the proportion of content setting beyond the basic content.(2)In terms of system arrangement,there are roughly three types of teaching materials,"human body edition" and "higher education edition" teaching materials system does not show obvious preference for the use of types.(3)The column setting of textbooks is increasingly rich with the update of the version,and presents distinct differences and periodic changes.The 1995 edition began to increase significantly;The 2005 edition and its subsequent logo location changes,content increases,The location and content of the previous textbooks are fixed and uniform.The content presentation of the textbook has been improved.The 1985 edition began to adopt the three-level serial number identification of chapters and articles,which improved the level of content introduction.The addition of content summary,thought questions and other columns has improved the integrity of the content introduction;The use of charts gradually decreases with the update of the version,and the usage rate of pictures is much higher than that of tables.The theoretical part is mainly based on tables,and three-wire tables are commonly used.The technical part is mainly based on pictures,and single-line and double-line charts are commonly used.(4)There are differences between each version and the introduction of the topic,which are roughly the relationship between the increase and decrease of knowledge,replacement and deletion,but the range of basic content and technology change is small,and the change of elevating knowledge,difficult actions,knowledge content and introduction form is slightly larger.On the whole,with the iteration of the version,the expression is more standardized,the content is more concise,and the introduction is more targeted.(4)Deficiencies revealed during the evolution of teaching materials: the scope of subjects included in the editing team is limited;The target of the textbook mainly applies to the population needs to be improved,and the teaching objectives and learning tasks of the textbook chapters are slightly vague.There is still room for improvement in the science and rationality of the thematic selection and system arrangement of textbooks.There is a slight lack of consistency between textbook chapter attribution and system arrangement,and the rigor of the writing needs to be strengthened.The uniformity and standardization of the charts in different editions or the same edition should be improved.(5)The content development trend of college gymnastics textbooks in the new era: the target of the teaching materials is strengthened,and the continuous construction of general specialized courses is put on the agenda;The selection and arrangement of teaching materials system fully show the professional,leading the high-quality development of teaching materials;The natural ideological and political functions of textbooks are given full play to help modern students develop in an all-round way;The forms of teaching materials are standardized and diversified,and the elements of education modernization are constantly integrated. |
