A Study Of The Physical Fitness Level Of 3-6 Years Old Children And Its Relationship With 24-hour Movement Behavior

The physical fitness level formed during 3-6 years are important foundations for the overall development of individuals and the realization of the "Healthy China" strategy.However,data from five national physical fitness surveillance surveys show that some physical fitness indicators of children continue to decline,and the prevalence rate of overweight-obesity is yearly rising.To improve children’s physical health,it is necessary to focus on and explore significant elements influencing physical health.Studies available have indicated that physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep have significant effects on physical health,but most studies have investigated the relationship between one of these behaviors and physical health in isolation,ignoring the interaction among the three.These three behaviors actually constitute the main physical behaviors experienced by individuals 24 hours a day.It is more scientific and necessary to comprehensively examine the overall health benefits of 24-hour movement behavior than to focus on the single benefits of a certain behavior.At the same time,the "Guidelines for Exercise for Preschool Children(3-6 Years Old)" issued in 2020 also offers an essential foundation for scholars to estimate the compliance status of children’s 24-hour movement behavior.Therefore,this study will deeply explore the relationship between children’s physical health level and 24-hour movement behavior,on grounds of the analysis of their current status and compliance,and propose scientific suggestions for comprehensively promoting children’s physical health level.In this study,860 children aged 3-6 years from 6 kindergartens were tested for their body shape and physical quality indicators by "National Fitness Standards Manual(Preschoolers Part)".At the same time,440 children’s teachers and parents were distributed a self-designed physical activity behavior questionnaire to investigate their24-hour movement behavior,and their compliance status was evaluated according to the guidelines.The study comprehensively describes and analyzes children’s physical health level by the test scores and grade scores,with the national physical fitness monitoring data in 2020 as standard,and deeply discusses the relationship between physical health level and 24-hour movement behavior based on the investigation and evaluation of 24-hour movement behavior,On the one hand,correlation analysis and linear regression were utilized to investigate the relevance between children’s physical fitness level and each individual behavior of 24-hour movement behavior.On the other hand,difference analysis and logical regression were employed to explore the relationship between children’s physical fitness level and the status of independent and combined compliance with 24-hour movement behavior.Finally,the following five research results were obtained:1.The overall physical health of 3-6 years old children is at a qualified level,and their body shape level is higher than physical quality level.Malnutrition and overweight and obesity coexist.Compared with the national level in 2020,the overall level of physical fitness and body shape are lower,but the physical quality level of older girls is higher.Children’s physical fitness indicators increased with age except flexibility,and the growth rate of various physical indicators is different.Girls’ explosiveness,lower limb strength,flexibility and overall physical fitness levels were significantly better than boys,while the other indicators were slightly higher.2.The overall compliance status of 3-6 years old children with 24-hour movement behavior is poor,with only 29.7% of children meeting all three behaviors,with the highest compliance rate of screen time,followed by sleep time,and the lowest MVPA time.The status of children’s three behaviors reaching the standard on weekdays is better than those on weekends.The rate of MVPA time reaching the standard is higher for older children and boys,and the rate of sleep time reaching the standard is higher for younger children.There is no significant difference between boys and girls in their individual behaviors of24-hour movement behavior.Physical activity levels and sedentary time both increase with age.However,sleep duration continues to decrease,and bedtime continues to be delayed.3.The research on the relationship between individual behaviors of children’s 24-hour movement behavior and physical health shows that:(1)LPA time negatively predicts explosiveness,balance,physical quality level,and overall physical fitness level,while VPA time positively predicts explosiveness,lower limb strength,balance,physical quality level,and overall physical fitness level;(2)screen time negatively predicts agility,lower limb strength,level of physical quality,and overall level of physical fitness;(3)Sleep only has a significant correlation with physical health.4.The independent attainment of children’s 24-hour movement behavior has a significant impact on children’s physical health.(1)The excellent and good rates of weight,explosiveness,and upper limb strength ratings of children who reached the MVPA time standard were higher than those of children who did not reach the standard;(2)The excellent and good rates of explosiveness,lower limb strength,and overall physical fitness of children who met the screen time standard were higher than those of children who did not meet the standard;(3)The excellent rate of weight rating of children attained the sleep time standard is lower than that of children did not attain the standard.5.Except for the combination of MVPA and sleep time,the other three combinations of children’s 24-hour movement behavior can significantly positively predict their physical health level.(1)In the combination of MVPA and screen time,children who reached one or more standard had higher excellent rates in weight,explosiveness,upper limb strength,balance and overall physical fitness than children who did not reach the standard;(2)In the combination of screen and sleep time,children who met one or more standard had a higher excellent rate of explosiveness,lower limb strength and overall physical fitness than children who did not meet the standard;(3)Among the three behavioral combinations,children who attained one or more standard had higher excellent rates in explosiveness,upper and lower limb strength,balance and overall physical fitness than children who did not attain the standard.Referring to the above findings,the proposes below are put forward to improve children’s 24-hour movement behavior and improve their physical health: First,develop and issue a 24-hour movement behavior guide for children based on the "Guidelines for Exercise for Preschool Children(3-6 Years Old)";Second,increase the time and intensity of physical activity;Third,significantly reduce screen time and effectively improve sedentary behavior;Fourth,ensure sleep duration,improve sleep quality,and improve sleep behavior.