Research On Gender Income Gap In The Background Of Fertility Policy Adjustment

In the context of population aging and the reduction of the working-age population leading to the disappearance of the demographic dividend,the impact of fertility policy adjustments has always been an important frontier research and practical issue in the fields of economics,demography,and sociology.In the past 10 years,the family planning policy has been continuously relaxed.Only 5 years after the full liberalization of the two-child policy in 2016,the policy that a couple can have three children and supporting policies will be officially implemented in 2021.However,in the five years since the two-child policy was released,the number of births in China has decreased year by year,and the birth rate has gradually declined.The relaxed family planning policy makes women face a heavier burden of parenting,a higher risk of unemployment and a larger gender income gap.Therefore,studying the impact of the liberalization of fertility policies on the gender income gap will help to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of the motherhood penalties on women,and to put forward more precise and complete suggestions for fertility policies and supporting policies based on these influencing factors.Thereby alleviating my country’s current low fertility level,solving the problem of population structure inversion,and promoting sustainable and healthy economic development.This research includes five chapters: Chapter 1 is an introduction,including the research background,research purpose and significance,research content and framework,research methods and possible innovations and shortcomings of this paper.The second chapter is a literature review,sorting out the existing research from the two aspects of the influencing factors of the gender income gap and the impact of childbearing on Chinese women’s income,finding the basic ideas of this study and clarifying the research direction.The third chapter is based on the basic theories of western labor economics and Marxist demography,constructing a three-dimensional analysis framework of individual-market-society for analyzing gender income gap,integrating the human capital perspective of individual mechanism,the market environment perspective of occupational segregation,labor market segmentation and labor force market discrimination,the social background perspective of the explanation of population reproduction cost and the cost burden transfer explain the mechanism of gender income gap under the background of the fertility policy adjustment.At the same time,the latest three-child policy was discussed,and it was found that supporting policies had been initially implemented.The fourth chapter is the empirical analysis of the gender income gap.Using the data from the China Family Panel Survey(CFPS),using the difference-in-differences(DID)estimate,and taking the liberalization of the two-child and three-child policy as the background,this paper investigates the impact of the fertility policy adjustment on the gender income gap.The fifth chapter is the main conclusions and policy suggestions,mainly combining the previous theoretical analysis and empirical research results,summarizing the relevant conclusions of this paper,and putting forward reasonable policy suggestions.The research found that: first,the fertility policy adjustment will significantly reduce women’s income and further widen the income gap between men and women.The difference-in-differences estimation results show that after the fertility policy is adjusted,the gender logarithmic income gap increases by 5.9-9.0%.Female workers have been greatly negatively affected by the fertility policy adjustment,and women’s income has dropped by 5.7-8.6%.Second,there is heterogeneity in the impact of the fertility policy adjustment on the gender income gap in terms of educational attainment,ownership,and number of children.Women with low educational attainment,non-public sectors,and large numbers of children face larger gender income gaps.The fertility policy adjustment will affect women’s performance in the labor market,making female workers bear more policy costs.Improving the gender income gap is a very arduous and systematic project that requires great attention.First,the government needs to improve and improve the legislative system to provide policy guarantees for women;secondly,the state needs to guide the renewal of ideas and promote the formation of a social consensus on equality between men and women;thirdly,the state needs to increase investment in education to improve women’s education level and employment skills;finally,It is necessary to exert and utilize social forces to protect women’s legitimate rights and interests.