Constraints On Promoting Comprehensive Two-child Policy Research On Optimization Countermeasures

At present,China’s total birth rate is less than 1.6,far below the normal replacement level of 2.1.In 2018,the birth rate of the population is only 10.94 ‰,a new low point since the founding of the country.The long-term low fertility rate has brought a series of problems to Chinese society,such as the aging and the lack of children,the imbalance of gender ratio,and the reduction of population dividend.Among which 210 million people were born in the 1960 s as we are approaching the stage of old age,the problem of the aging society with fewer children is particularly prominent,and the low fertility rate is in urgent need of braking.In the face of these problems,after the separate two-child policy,China proposed a comprehensive two-child policy at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee to improve the fertility rate,but the effect is not sustainable.Therefore,promoting the research on the comprehensive two child policy plays an important and positive role in alleviating the population problem in China.This paper takes Nanjing as an example,mainly through questionnaire survey and field interviews to obtain data,a total of 507 valid samples were collected.In terms of data statistics,taking age,education background,occupation,income,whether they are the only child,whether they have personal housing,characteristics of the first child and other factors as variables,this paper makes data classification and statistics on the fertility status and second child willingness of Nanjing population of childbearing age.In general,the average number of children is 1.4,and the proportion of samples with two children’s willingness to have children is less than 40%,so the current situation of fertility is not optimistic.In terms of analysis methods,chi square analysis,t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to study the correlation between the number of children and variables.It was found that age,Nanjing nationality,personal housing,education,occupation and income had a significant impact on the number of children.By means of chi square test and factor analysis,the restrictive factors of the second child’s childbearing intention are analyzed comprehensively,mainly including female status,the characteristics of the first child,the care of the second child and the cost of parenting.Through the analysis of the frequency of constraints,combined with the relevant conclusions of the data analysis,this paper discusses the reasons from the perspective of comprehensive policies,laws and regulations and the construction of social service system for the second child,which are mainly based on economic pressure,female employment and the second child care.Finally,from the aspects of supporting policies,laws and regulations and social services,the paper puts forward suggestions on economic subsidies,pressure sharing of parenting,women’s employment and the construction of public childcare service system to promote the comprehensive two-child policy.