Factors Impact On Shanghai Family’s Fertility Intention After 3 Children Policy

Old age structure,fewer child per family are the issues that China facing at this stage.The fertility rate did not increase as expected after the relax of birth control policy.It is a critical path to learn about factors impacting on people’s fertility intention in order to improve the fertility ratio.The factors influence one’s fertility intention is largely different in areas,we therefore only limit our study to the people living and work in Shanghai.Female is the one who deliver the life but family is the stakeholder responsible to raise a child,so we will focus the study on family.There are objective factors and subjective factors impacting on fertility intention from family.Income capability within the family and allocation of home affairs are the elements to study from the perspective of objective factors,family environment and fertility motivation are the elements to study from the perspective of subjective factors.1.Traditionally Chinese male are the one to manage family income and female are the one to manage home affairs,but this has been changed to city life.The female are capable to earn good enough money as compare to their husbands,this is also common in Shanghai families.Female income is a critical resource to family income stability,opportunity cost shall be minimized in family fertility decision.2.The females are obviously struggled with the role they need to play at work and the role to play at home as our study shows female fertility intension is impacted with home affairs allocation,the males do not appear to be impacted.Now it is a problem for the family as it is unclear with who and how to allocate the family matters inside family,husband’s engagement in home affairs is expected more.3.The fertility intension is impacted by the view on family environment inclusive but not limited to harmonious couple relationship and generation relationship,keep with good emotion in front of child.Individual takes effort to keep good relationships and adjust self-emotion are easily being ignored,but we really should recognize it.4.Fertility intension are largely impacted with motivations,child plays a critical role to a family,have children in order raise them in the way good for them.Based on above,the fertility intention is impacted from both subjective and objective factors,we further study our topic with cost and utility theory,family-work role conflict theory.The three child policy is now available,how should the policy to be built up in order to support family? First of all,it requires policy support from the government,reduce the family direct and indirect cost to raise a kid by increase birth allowance,social security,ensure sex equity on employment;support the family with more time by offer child services,flexible working model to help the family avoid conflict in work and life.Secondly,we need to build up a child friendly social environment,provide convenience to family needs;Interfere the problems arising from family instability by utilizing the community resources and other resources available;it requires immediate attention to re-build up fertility cultural,get rid of transitional cultural factors not fitting to family but to keep the good and health family and marriage conceptions;Make use of the media resource to lead the direction of public opinion.