| Population is the key to the sustainable development of human society.In recent years,China’s population structure has been continuously adjusted,the degree of aging has gradually deepened,and the demographic dividend has rapidly weakened.The function of supporting the elderly and caring for the young is obviously weakened,falling into the dilemma of "getting old before getting rich" and "getting old before getting ready",which has greatly hindered the sustainable development of the economy and society.Under these circumstances,in order to further release the fertility potential and improve the fertility level,the country’s birth policy has been adjusted from strict family planning to “the universal two-child policy” to “full release of two children ”.At present,the the universal two-child policy has been implemented for more than three years.As we can see,due to various complicated factors,the birth population and birth rate are still far lower than expected,and people’s desire to have children is generally low.Based on this status,this paper started from the investigation of the fertility desire and influencing factors of women of childbearing age in Changsha,and investigated the fertility willingness of the interviewed age group in the first place.It is concluded that 71% of the surveyed women think that having two children is the most ideal without considering the external conditions such as economy and policy.However,if the external factors were taken into account,the proportion of women of childbearing age who want to have two children dropped to 52%.It can be seen that most people want to have two children,but under the constraints of many factors,some people’s willingness to bear has been suppressed.The factors affecting fertility desire can be divided into personal status,child rearing costs,child care issues,job development,public services and others.Concerns about these factors among women of childbearing age reflect that the current policy support related to fertility has not been enough.It is mainly reflected in the following aspects: The lack of economic support policies,the insufficient protection of the maternity insurance system,the low level of children’s medical and health services,the lack of support for the employment rights of women of childbearing age,the limited support of preschool education policies,and the lack of public child care services for children aged 0-3.This paper also summarizes and draws on the relevant policies of foreign countries to encouragechildbearing.It is believed that in order to effectively solve the problems of "not wanting to have children,not daring to have children" for couples of childbearing age.It is necessary that the government should focus on the system and build a sound policy support system.Therefore,it is recommended to advance from the aspects of improving the childcare welfare system,improving the maternity insurance system,improving the children’s medical service system,improving the equal employment policy for women,improving the inclusive preschool education policy,and improving the children’s social care system. |
