Parenting Cost,Fertility Culture And The Willingness Of Parents With 0-5 Year Old Children To Reproduce

In recent years,the fertility level of our country has been declining,in order to effectively promote the improvement of fertility level,the state has put forward the two-child policy,three-child policy,put forward a variety of auxiliary policies.In order to promote the effective implementation and improvement of the policy,it is necessary to know more about the willingness to reproduce,especially when the parents of children aged 0-5 are at the golden age of reproduction,the research on the reproductive willingness of these groups is of great significance to the promotion of the two-child and three-child policy.The reproductive willingness is influenced by the cost and culture of child-bearing.However,previous studies have ignored the difference in reproductive willingness between ―One child‖ and ―Two children‖,and ignored the interaction between the cost of child-rearing and the culture of child-bearing,ignoring the subtle differences in the willingness of fathers and mothers to reproduce.Based on this,this study considers the reproductive willingness from the perspective of economic rationality and traditional fertility culture,and subdivides the cost into three types: economic cost,accompany cost and care cost,based on cost-utility theory and gender-role theory,using quantitative and qualitative mixed research methods,using 2018 China household follow-up survey(CFPS)data,through binary logistic regression model,to study the influence of micro-cost of child-rearing on the reproductive willingness of the parents who are raising 0-5year-old children and the gender heterogeneity,as well as when people think about the reproductive willingness at the rational economic level,to study the moderating effect of traditional fertility culture and gender role culture and urban-rural heterogeneity.To perfect the effect of cost and benefit on reproductive desire through in-depth interview,and to understand the current real fertility situation,the purpose of this study is to provide new ideas and empirical support for effectively improving the status quo of low fertility.The results show that: first,the cost of child-rearing has a significant negative effect on parents’ desire to reproduce,that is the increase of economic,accompany and care costs have a significant inhibitory effect on parents’ desire to reproduce.Child-bearing culture can influence the child-bearing concept of parents,and the idea of procreation can positively promote the formation of children’s parents’ desire to reproduce,while boys’ desire to be satisfied can inhibit their desire to reproduce.Second,the influence of the cost of child-rearing on the parents’ desire to reproduce exists gender and urban-rural heterogeneity.Mothers of young children are more vulnerable to the negative impact of the cost of care,and compared with economic costs,the cost of care and accompany the negative impact of the cost is stronger.Urban and rural areas play a positive role in the process of economic cost affecting the desire to reproduce,and a negative role in the process of the cost of care.Third,the traditional conception of childbearing culture plays a moderating role in the influence of the cost of child-rearing on the will to reproduce.Compared with the group affected by low childbearing culture,the parents of young children under the influence of high childbearing culture have already achieved their childbearing purpose,that is the concept of fertility culture plays an important role,when considering reproduction will be more inclined to think rationally about the cost of care.Fourthly,the cost of child-rearing is rich in content,which not only needs to pay attention to the economic time cost,but also needs to pay attention to the psychological cost of the female group,and give the Mothers of infants understanding and care.When making birth decisions,one child’s birth is easily influenced by the cultural concept of carrying on the family line,but the second child’s birth decision will be more economically rational,and the cost and benefit of the second child’s birth will be evaluated,to make rational decisions.Based on the above findings,this paper puts forward policy recommendations such as reducing the cost of child-rearing,realizing Pratt & Whitney Care,improving the cost in accordance with local conditions,anchoring the core issues,improving the family division of labor,lightening the burden on women,building a good fertility culture and creating a harmonious atmosphere.