The Influence Of Attention Focus And Attention Focus Distance On The Shooting Percentage Of College Students At Different Levels

The focus of attention of athletes during execution has always been a hot topic for researchers and practitioners in the field of competitive sports.A large number of studies have shown that,compared with the internal focus on the process of movement,the external focus on the effect of movement can better promote the skill learning and athletic performance of athletes.However,the task types of existing studies focus on measurable closed items such as golf,darts,shooting,etc.,and there are few studies on open motor skills.Meanwhile,the research objects mainly target high-level athletes,lacking the universality of focus studies on people with different motor skill levels.Based on the above reasons,this paper takes basketball shooting as the experimental operation task,and college students of different levels as the experimental objects.At the same time,on the basis of the internal and external focus of attention theory,the external focus of attention(distal and proximal)is further refined,and the literature,questionnaire and experimental methods are used for research.The aim is to study the influence of different focus of attention and distance of focus of attention on the shooting percentage of college students at different levels,so as to provide theoretical reference for guiding the shooting training of basketball players and optimizing the learning and performance of shooting motion skills.Experiment 1:To explore the shooting performance of college students at different levels under different focus of attention,a 2×3 mixed experimental design was adopted,in which the subjects(high and low level)were the inter-group factors,three attention guidance conditions(no guidance,internal focus of attention,external focus of attention)were the intra-group factors,and the accuracy of basketball shooting was taken as the dependent variable to conduct mixed repeated measurement analysis of variance.The results showed as follows:1)the main effect of sports level was significant,the shooting percentage of athletes with high level was significantly higher than that of athletes with low level(p=0.000);2)The main effect of attention focus was significant,for the high level group:external focus>internal focus(p=0.000)External focus>inattentive focus(p=0.002),internal focus<inattentive focus(p=0.000).For low level athletes:external focus>internal focus(p=0.002),external focus>inattentive focus(p=0.000),internal focus>inattentive focus(p=0.021).3)The interaction between exercise level and guidance condition was significant(p=0.001).Based on the results of experiment 1,Experiment 2 explores the influence of the distance of external focus of attention on the shooting performance of high and low level athletes.A 2×2 mixed experimental design was adopted,in which the subjects(high and low level)were the inter-group factors,three attention guiding conditions(no guidance,proximal external focus of attention,distal external focus of attention)were the intra-group factors,and the accuracy of shooting was taken as the dependent variable.The results showed as follows:1)the main effect of exercise level was significant,and the shooting percentage of the high level group was significantly higher than that of the low level group(p=0.000);2)The main effect of attention focus was significant,for the high level group:distal>proximal(p=0.001),distal>inattentive(p=0.000),proximal=inattentive(p=0.286).For the low level group:remote outside=near outside(p=0.494),remote outside>oblivious focus(p=0.000),and near outside>oblivious focus(p=0.000).3)There was no significant interaction between exercise level and guidance condition(p=0.011).Conclusions:1)For the high-level group of college students,external attention focus is used.Better for his shooting performance.Using the internal focus strategy will lead to a decline in the accuracy of the shot.2)For the low level group,the internal focus of attention can promote their shooting performance,but the accuracy of shooting under the external focus of attention is still better than that of the internal focus of attention.3)The shooting performance of the high-level group in the distal external focus of attention is better than that of the proximal external focus of attention,while there is no significant difference in the shooting performance of the low-level group in the strategy of the proximal external focus of attention.