| The rapid development and application of automation technology has brought extensive and far-reaching influence to the economy and society.At present,China’s industrial robot market is developing rapidly.According to statistics released by the International Federation of Robotics(IFR),since 2013,China has become the world’s largest industrial robot market and the country with the fastest growth in the number of robot installations in the world.The introduction of "Made in China 2025" in 2015 has promoted the rapid development of industrial robots to a certain extent,which has not only driven the rapid economic and social development,but also has a significant impact on employment in the labor market.Specifically,automation technology represented by industrial robots is gradually taking over the tasks performed by humans in the past,which will change the different skill requirements and employment structure of the labor market.At present,the demographic structure and labor structure have undergone major changes,and it is urgent to deeply explore the impact of robot applications on China’s labor market.Focusing on China’s manufacturing labor market,this paper uses the micro-data of China’s manufacturing listed companies and the industry-level robot data published by IFR to explore how the application of industrial robots will affect the labor demand of China’s listed manufacturing companies using the GPSM method.This paper finds that,on the one hand,the development of industrial intelligence will gradually reduce the application cost of industrial robots,which will lead to the replacement of human labor and reduce labor demand;on the other hand,the introduction of automation technology into the production process of enterprises will improve production.Efficiency reduces the production cost of enterprises.At this time,enterprises will have greater incentives to expand production scale,thereby increasing labor demand;it can be seen that the impact of industrial robots on enterprise labor demand is not one-way,but depends on the negative substitution effect and positive productivity.net effect of the effect.Therefore,how the application of industrial robots affects the labor demand of enterprises is worthy of attention and in-depth exploration.Based on the background,this paper firstly uses the literature analysis method to sort out the relevant research on the impact of industrial robot applications on labor employment and wages,and further explores the current status of industrial robot applications and manufacturing labor employment.There is a theoretical basis to explain the impact mechanism of industrial robot applications on labor demand;finally,based on the theoretical mechanism and combined with empirical analysis methods,using the 2011-2019 industry-level robot data published by IFR,matching the micro data of Chinese manufacturing listed companies,using a generalized trend The Generalized Propensity Score Matching(GPSM)system evaluates the heterogeneous impact of industrial robots on labor demand within Chinese manufacturing firms.The research results show that:(1)The application of industrial robots can significantly improve the labor demand of the manufacturing firms,and there are differences in the promotion effect on the demand for labor with different skills.(2)The inspection results of different manufacturing industry categories show that the application of industrial robots promotes the labor demand of the manufacturing firms in technology-intensive industries most.(3)The analysis of intermediary effect shows that TFP is the important transmission mechanism of industrial robots influencing the labor demand,with the explanatory power being over49.43% of the total effect.From a microscopic perspective,this paper provides a new idea for how to deal with the impact of automation technology. |
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