Group And Space: A Study Of Modern Yunnan Students Studying In Japan (1902-1943)

At the end of the 19 th century,when the Opium War and the Taiping Rebellion broke out one after another,China began to realize the need to learn from the West amid domestic troubles and foreign aggression.Since then,the Westernization Movement and reform reform have imitated the system of western countries.It was not until the Sino-Japanese War that China gradually shifted its focus on learning from the west to the east.If the shells of the first Opium War did not awaken China,after the First Sino-Japanese war it was thoroughly awakened to the power of its eastern neighbour and the need to learn from it.Since then,China has sent large numbers of students to study in the East,triggering an unprecedented wave of "stay in Japan" across the country.At the same time,Yunnan is inevitably involved in the wave of Japan.In 1902,Yunnan sent 10 government-funded students to Study in Japan,which is regarded as the beginning of the undertaking of Yunnan to stay in Japan in modern times and the beginning of the modernization of Yunnan education.Since then,more and more Yunnan students set foot on the road to study east.In 1904,Yunnan sent 144 students to Study in Japan,reaching the peak of yunnan’s wave of studying in Japan.Through the analysis,it can be found that the origin and destination of yunnan students studying in Japan in modern times have obvious temporal and spatial differences,and their native place,age,major,fee,route and other aspects have obviously changed after 1912.Before 1912,yunnan students studying in Japan mainly came from Kunming and Dali,with sporadic distribution in surrounding areas.The majority of students majored in army,normal education,law and politics,railway,etc.Official expenses mainly dispatched;The main route to Japan is the yunnan-Shanghai route.After1912,on the basis of the original source center,other areas gradually became prominent as the center,and many source centers coexisted at the same time.Baoshan,as one of the centers,began to break the traditional "ripple" distribution state.The major of study shifted to science and technology,medicine and other majors;Studying abroad at one’s own expense became the mainstream in this period.The route to stay in Japan began to change from horizontal to vertical,with the main overseas routes,namely yunnan-Vietnam-Hong Kong route and Yunnan-Myanmar-Hong Kong route.Moreover,there were significant regional differences in students’ choice of route.From the end of Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,there were 66 women who stayed in Japan in Yunnan.However,due to various factors,yunnan women who stayed in Japan had the characteristics of small number,small scale,low quality and weak influence,and their influence on the modernization of Yunnan was relatively limited.The students studying in Japan are the product of Yunnan’s modernization,and at the same time,the students studying in Japan promote the development of Yunnan’s modernization,and the two complement and promote each other.As an emerging force,the modern Yunnan students studying in Japan inevitably influenced the modernization of Yunnan and played an important role in the development history of modern Yunnan.They were the participants and promoters of the modernization of Yunnan.