The Subjective And Objective Impact Of Having Multiple Children On Women's Wor

The opening of the two-child policy in 2013 and the comprehensive two-child policy in 2015 did not bring about a climax of births in our country.According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics,until 2020,the total fertility rate of women of childbearing age in my country is 1.3,which is still at a low level.The comprehensive three-child policy opened in May 2021 faces the dilemma that it may still not be able to increase the total fertility rate of women of childbearing age.This is the starting point for selecting CGSS data to study the female work punishment caused by multiple children,and matching through propensity scores Obtain the average effect of the two-child model and the three-child model.In the two-child model,female childbirth punishment is significantly reflected in the objective dimensions of wage rate,weekly working hours,subjective dimensions of work willingness,and work emotions.The average negative effect of the wage rate is 7.8%,which is the average weekly working time.The positive effect is 4.6 hours per week,the average negative effect of willingness to work is 2.5 points(the highest willingness to work is 5),and the average negative effect of work emotional state is 0.15(the highest emotional state is 5).In the three-child model,female childbirth punishment only has a significant impact on the objective dimension of wage rate and the subjective dimension of willingness to work.The average negative effect of weekly working hours and wage rate is 0.81%,and the average negative effect of willingness to work is 0.3 Points(the highest willingness to work is 5).Through the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition,it can be seen that the characteristics of women’s personal endowments and spouse endowments have a certain proportion of the four perspectives of women’s career development,that is,due to the endowment effect(heterogeneity),the coefficient effect between variables and coefficients The difference in explanation,and the remaining unexplainable part is the existence of the “concealed punishment for childbirth in the workplace”caused by giving birth to two or three children.This unexplainable ratio exists in each part of the explained variables.Comparing the regression analysis of having three children and matching regression with the matching regression analysis of having two children,it can be clearly seen that the negative impact of having two children on women’s work is significantly greater.Different supplementary policies to ensure a good reproductive environment for women,the reduction or elimination of hidden discrimination in the workplace,and the protection of childcare policies and institutions may enhance women’s willingness to have more children.