Research On The Literature Characteristics Of Transformed Patents In Universities And Its Enlightenment

Since 2012,China has paid more and more attention to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,and regarded it as a key driving force for the realization of the national innovation strategy.As the key object of national scientific research investment,universities are one of the main positions of scientific and technological achievements such as patents,and the transformation of patent achievements in universities is very important to the realization of national innovation strategy.Universities themselves do not have the ability of independent production,and their patent achievements are mainly transferred to enterprises through patent rights transfer or licensing to realize the product development of patented technology.Although the scale of patent output in universities is large,the proportion of successful patent transfer or license is very low.Therefore,to explore the literature characteristics of the patents successfully transformed in universities that are significantly different from the invalid patents which failed to realize transformation can provide objective basis from patent bibliometrics for university scientific research management or evaluation departments and technology transfer departments to formulate relevant strategies to promote the transformation of patent achievements.From the perspective of patent bibliometrics,this paper took 25 double-first-class A-class universities with complete disciplines of liberal arts,science,engineering and medicine as the research samples,and explored the literature characteristics of the successful transformation of patent achievements in universities.Based on the observation of patent data,this paper used the patent independently held by universities as the analysis data,and used seven bibliometric factors,including the number of inventors,the number of IPC,function crossing degrees,the number of patent literature citations,the number of non-patent literature citations,the cited frequency,and the number of patent families,as the analysis indexes,and used Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Mann-Whitney U test,from three levels: whether the patent is authorized,whether the patent is licensed or transferred after authorization,and whether the patent is continued to be valid after the patent is licensed or transferred,to systematically analyze and identify the characteristics of literature elements.Finally,based on the logical common sense and the conclusions or opinions of the existing research results,the paper analyzed the reasons for the formation of the literature characteristics of transformed patents in universities.Through the analysis,this paper found that the patents which remain valid after licensed or transferred have significant characteristics of the number of patent literature citation,the cited frequency and the number of patent family.Moreover,the cited frequency and the number of patent families are highly consistent in each stage of the transformation.The patents which have been licensed or transferred by universities also have the characteristics of the number of inventors,the number of IPC,function crossing degrees and the number of non-patent literature citation.The identification of the literature characteristics of transformed patents in universities can be used as the basis for the departments of scientific research management and evaluation and technology transfer to identify the patents with the potential of transformation,evaluate the quality and value of patents,and formulate and adjust the strategies to promote the transformation of patents.