| With the development of my country’s urbanization,the phenomenon of population clustering in cities has become more and more obvious.The permanent population of cities,especially megacities,has continued to expand,posing challenges to the supply of public services in megacities.Pre-school education is an important part of urban public services.However,at present,the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development of pre-school education represented by "difficulty in entering kindergartens" and "expensive in kindergarten" is prominent,and the cost of childcare remains high,which reduces the happiness of the people Sense,sense of acquisition and satisfaction.How to promote the fair allocation of preschool education resources and ensure that school-age children can enter the kindergarten nearby and make it easy to enter the kindergarten is a problem that needs to be solved urgently.The fairness of the spatial distribution of preschool education resources is an important content and prerequisite for realizing the fairness of preschool education.From a spatial perspective,it is of great significance to study the fairness of preschool education resource allocation in megacities.Based on the comprehensive clarification of the connotation and extension of the concepts of space justice,preschool education,resource allocation,etc.,based on the perspective of space justice,this paper constructs a four-dimensional analysis framework for the fairness of preschool education resource allocation: crowdedness,accessibility,and inclusiveness And quality.At the same time,corresponding measurement standards have been determined based on policy documents,existing research and practical issues.Based on this,the kindergarten in the downtown area of Chengdu is selected as the research object,and the quantity distribution,spatial distribution type,spatial clustering pattern and spatial distribution density of preschool education resources in the downtown area of Chengdu are described using GIS.Four dimensions of reachability,inclusiveness and quality are analyzed.The results show that:(1)The total amount of preschool education resources in Chengdu is not lacking.The total amount of preschool education resources in the city can meet the standard that kindergartens serve a permanent population of 3,000 to12,000,and children in all districts and counties can receive basic preschool education public services.(2)The supply of inclusive preschool education resources varies greatly among districts and counties,and the spatial distribution of inclusive preschool education resources in some regions needs to be adjusted.Shuangliu District,Qingbaijiang District and other regions are rich in inclusive preschool education resources.These districts can meet the basic needs of children in the area for entering kindergartens when only considering inclusive preschool education resources to provide preschool education services.However,the average minimum commuting time for children in these regions to reach inclusive kindergartens is more than one hour,indicating that the distribution of inclusive preschool education resources within the region needs to be optimized.Jinjiang District,Jinniu District and other regions are relatively scarce in inclusive preschool education resources,and the phenomenon of "expensive admission to kindergarten" is more obvious in these areas.(3)Concentration of high-quality preschool education resources.Most first-level kindergartens in Chengdu are concentrated in Jinjiang District,Wuhou District and other areas.In these areas,children have more opportunities to enjoy high-quality preschool education resources.The number of permanent residents that each first-level kindergarten in Qingbaijiang District needs to serve is nearly seven times that of Jinjiang District.The average shortest commuting time for children to reach the firstclass kindergarten in this district is also more than six times that of Jinjiang District.(4)The spatial distribution of pre-school education resources in the downtown area of Chengdu is unfair,and the layout of kindergartens in some districts and counties needs to be adjusted and optimized.There are obvious differences in the accessibility of children in the kindergarten in different districts and counties.The average shortest commuting time for children entering the kindergarten on foot in Wuhou District and Jinjiang District meets the requirement of less than 15 minutes,but the average shortest commuting time in Qingbaijiang District and Longquanyi District exceeds 50 minutes.,The kindergarten points need to be adjusted.(5)For megacities,in order to effectively solve the problem of "difficulty in entering kindergartens" and "expensive in entering kindergartens",in addition to expanding the supply of preschool education resources,more attention should be paid to the unfairness of the spatial allocation of preschool education resources.High-quality preschool education resources are more concentrated in areas with higher economic development levels in megacities,and areas with relatively weak economic development levels should give priority to the development of inclusive preschool education resources,and give priority to ensuring that school-age children receive basic preschool education public services.The unfairness of the spatial distribution of preschool education resources faced by megacities is related to urban policy planning,the economic development level of each district and county,population distribution and its own natural environmental factors.To effectively alleviate the problems of "difficulty in entering the park" and "expensive in entering the park",and to enhance the happiness of the people,it is necessary to base on the law of the development of megacities,based on the practice of space,from the conceptual level,policy level,technical level,and practical level.Starting from different dimensions,explore ways to promote spatial justice in the allocation of preschool education resources in mega-cities. |
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