Comparative Study On The Capacity Of Exercise Movements Of High Level Individual Gymnasts In Rhythmic Gymnastics At Home And Abroad

Based on the 2017-2020 Rhythmic Gymnastics Code of Points guidance and the development trend of the discipline,the capacity of individual gymnasts’ complete sets of movements has become the key to the difficulty value,final score and competition performance of a complete set,and it is a new problem and challenge that coaches and athletes pay attention to,face,think about and solve in training practice.This paper adopts the method of literature,expert interview,comparative analysis,video analysis and mathematical statistics to analyze the composition,value and calculation standard of the complete set of movement capacity of individual exercise.Through to the high level of rhythmic gymnastics individual gymnasts at home and abroad in the complete set of four types of difficulty capacity and cohesive movement capacity to carry on the detailed comparative analysis,explore our country and foreign high level differences between individual gymnasts complete action capacity,This paper discusses the main factors affecting the capacity and score of the complete sets of movements in China’s Rhythmic Gymnastics individual exercise,and puts forward corresponding countermeasures to provide theoretical reference and reference for improving the overall level of China’s Rhythmic Gymnastics individual exercise.The research results are as follows:1.The composition and value of difficulty number in the Code of Point of the last three Olympic cycles have changed greatly.Body Difficulty has been reduced from 4 to 3,and both movement number and value have been reduced.The Apparatus Difficulty and the Dance Steps Combination are more detailed,and the number and value of movements are increased.The number of Dynamic Elements with Rotation has experienced the development process from more to less and then to more.There are no definite rules for the cohesive movement number,but it is crucial for the fluency and artistry of the complete set of movements.A change in the number of routines’movement leads directly to a change in the capacity of routines’ movement.2.The average capacity of Chinese gymnasts’ four-event apparatus is the highest 71.1 in ribbon exercise and the lowest 67.8 in clubs exercise,while the average of foreign gymnasts is the highest 73.8 in clubs exercise and the lowest 72.0 in hoop exercise.In China,the average time of four apparatus movements is the lowest 1.25 seconds in ribbon exercise,the highest 1.34 seconds in clubs exercise,the lowest 1.22 seconds in ribbon exercise,the highest 1.26 seconds in hoop exercise and ball exercise in foreign countries.In terms of the capacity of the complete set of movements,the capacity of the three sections of the hoop exercise,the ball exercise and the clubs exercise of foreign athletes all shows the characteristics of "high at both ends and low in the middle",while the capacity of the ribbon exercise shows the characteristics of"low at both ends and high in the middle",while the complete set of movements of the four apparatus of Chinese gymnasts all show a decreasing trend.3.In the capacity of the complete set of difficulty movements of the four apparatus,the difference between Chinese gymnasts and foreign gymnasts in hoop exercise,clubs exercise and ribbon exercise come from the Apparatus Difficulty and the Dynamic Elements with Rotation,while there is a certain gap in all the difficulty movements of the ball exercise.In terms of Body Difficulty,foreign gymnasts are more inclined to use rotation difficulty,while domestic athletes are more inclined to use balance difficulty.From the perspective of the average interval between each difficulty movement,foreign gymnasts’ difficulty movements are more intensive.4.The average cohesive movement capacity of Chinese gymnasts in hoop exercise,ball exercise,clubs exercise and ribbon exercise respectively are 6.0,20.2,14.7 and 23.2,while that of foreign gymnasts respectively are 7.0,10.7,11.7 and 14.8.In terms of the average interval time of cohesive movements,the interval time of Chinese gymnasts is longer,that is,the frequency of complete set of cohesive movements of foreign gymnasts is lower than that of Chinese gymnasts.The following research conclusions are drawn:1.The capacity of complete sets of movements in individual exercise in rhythmic gymnastics mainly includes the capacity of difficulty movements and the capacity of cohesive movements,among which the capacity of difficulty movements mainly includes the capacity of body difficulty movements,the capacity of apparatus difficulty movements,the capacity of dance steps combination movements and the capacity of dynamic elements with rotation.The composition,quantity and value of different sets of movement capacity are constantly developing and evolving in the updating and alternating of Code of Points,and the calculation standards are also different.2.The capacity of complete sets of movements and the speed of individual movements of Chinese gymnasts’ four apparatus are relatively weak.In terms of sectional capacity,the movement capacity of foreign gymnasts is more reasonable,which is more conducive to maximizing the capacity and value of complete sets of movements,and at the same time is conducive to the physical distribution of gymnasts during the competition.3.In terms of the capacity of difficult movements in the set of four apparatus,the difference between domestic gymnasts and foreign gymnasts mainly comes from the apparatus difficulty and dynamic elements with rotation,among them,foreign gymnasts are more inclined to use the basic group and the common group of throw or catch in the difficulty capacity of the apparatus.4.In terms of the capacity of cohesive movements of the four apparatus,too many simple and worthless cohesive movements of the domestic gymnasts form a certain obstacle to the increase of the capacity of valuable movements.5.The factors that affect the capacity of complete sets of movements of high-level individual athletes in China mainly include the slow completion speed of complete sets of movements,the weak body and apparatus skills of gymnasts,relatively weak gymnasts’ special physical strength,and the limited coaching level and arrangement idea of coaches.6.The countermeasures to optimize the capacity of complete sets of movements of high-level individual gymnasts in China mainly include attaching importance to and improving the speed of completing complete sets of movements,laying emphasis on the complex and valuable apparatus technical training,enhancing the training level of gymnasts’ special physical abilities,improving the coaching level of coaches and the concept of arranging complete sets of movements.