Livelihood Adaptive Capacities And Adaptation Behaviors Of Relocated Households In Southern Shaanxi

In recent years,the relocation of poverty alleviation has occupied an important position and has had an important impact on the livelihood of the rural poor.With the advancement of the relocation of poverty alleviation,China’s poverty alleviation work has made significant historical achievements,but the relocation does not end by moving the masses from their original places of residence to centralized resettlement sites.Southern Shaanxi was once one of the deep poverty areas in the country,and the relocation policy moved the vast majority of the difficult groups in “one side of the water and soil can not support the other” out of the original residence with poor resources and fragile ecological environment,and concentrated in the resettlement site through the government.It effectively realize transfer in physical space,but in the relocation of poverty alleviation work,moving out is only the first step,how to make these relocated households “stable”and “rich” on the basis of “moving out” is the focus of the next work.If it is not handled well,relocated households are very prone to falling back into poverty.So it is urgent to ensure the sustainability of poverty alleviation of relocated households through comprehensive follow-up support measures.In order to understand the livelihood problems of relocated farmers in southern Shaanxi,this paper conducted interviews with relocated farmers and village cadres,as well as questionnaire surveys.Starting from the livelihood level of farmers,based on the livelihood adaptive capacity assessment framework proposed by Acosta et al.,combined with relevant literature research,15 indicators were selected from the three dimensions of awareness,ability and action to construct the livelihood adaptive capacity evaluation index system of relocated households,and the PSM model and Multinomial Logit regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of adaptation behavior choice of migrant farmers in southern Shaanxi.The results showed that: on the whole,the ability of farmers to adapt to their livelihoods after relocation is generally at a low level.Secondly,under the background of relocation for poverty alleviation,the livelihood activities of relocated households in southern Shaanxi have changed,and the main adaptive behaviors they choose are migrant work,agricultural adjustment,passive adaptation and comprehensive adaptation.Finally,through the analysis of the influencing factors of farmers’ adaptive behavior choice,it can be seen that some indicators in the relocation characteristics have an important impact on the choice of adaptation behavior.In terms of relocation types,disaster reduction relocation has a significant positive impact on rural households that choose to go out to work.Ecological relocation has a significant negative impact on agricultural adjustment farmers and a significant positive impact on passive adaptive farmers.The relocation time of more than five years has a significant positive impact on relocated households,while the relocation of 3-5 years has a significant positive impact on passive adaptive farmers.Concentrated placement at the level of 5%has a significant positive impact on relocated households.In response to the above research,this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations: First,strengthen the implementation of policies and improve the adaptive capacity of farmers’ livelihoods.Ensure that the rights of relocated households are well protected,and at the same time,it is necessary to continuously optimize the relocation policy for poverty alleviation and relocation,and let the relocated farmers understand the policy through publicity.Second,we must use multiple channels for policy advocacy.Make full use of relevant media channels such as television to strengthen publicity,so that relocated farmers can better adapt to life after relocation and improve their ability to adapt to their livelihoods.The second is to provide employment guidance and training to increase farmers’ income.Local governments and all kinds of enterprises should provide a series of vocational skills training to gradually improve the vocational skill level of relocated households,so as to help relocated farmers obtain better and higher types of occupations in the employment process,improve the economic income level of farmers to a certain extent,and make relocated farmers more suitable for life after relocation.The third is to broaden the livelihood channels of farmers and diversify their livelihoods.While broadening livelihood channels,it is also necessary to improve the social communication ability of farmers.It is necessary to make the importance of relocated households and even social networks in the subsequent development process,guide and improve their social skills,and form a society of mutual help.