| The elderly group has the characteristics of high incidence of poverty and easy to return to poverty.Under the long-term urban-rural dual structure in China,there are large differences in the poverty characteristics and pension needs of urban and rural elderly.In recent years,China’s family pension function has gradually weakened,but because China’s current pension system is not perfect,the importance of family support can not be ignored.This paper uses the China Health and Elderly Care Tracking Survey(CHARLS)data from 2011 to 2018 to explore the influence and difference of intergenerational support for the elderly and their children within the family on multidimensional poverty of urban and rural elderly,and on this basis,further explores the influence of social support and intergenerational support among elderly groups with different structures.This paper first sorts out the related theories of intergenerational support and multidimensional poverty,and defines intergenerational support as the economic and emotional support of the elderly to their children,and the economic and emotional support of children to the elderly.Then,combined with the characteristics of the elderly group,a multi-dimensional poverty index system for the elderly was constructed from the four dimensions of “Supporting the elderly”,“providing for the elderly”,“Sheltering for the elderly”,and “Provide happiness for the elderly”,and the multidimensional poverty characteristics of urban and rural elderly were measured by AF method.Secondly,the panel model was used to explore the differences between intergenerational support on the influence of multi-dimensional poverty in the elderly,and the endogenous treatment and stability test of the return results were performed.Thirdly,considering the influence of social support and the differences within the elderly group,the moderating effect of social support on intergenerational support and the influence of intergenerational support under different pension models and child structures on the elderly group were further analyzed.Finally,according to the results of empirical analysis,this paper puts forward measures and suggestions to alleviate the multidimensional poverty of urban and rural elderly in China at this stage.The empirical analysis results show that,from the perspective of poverty characteristics,the poverty characteristics of urban and rural elderly in China are significantly different.Compared with urban elderly,the multidimensional poverty proportion of rural elderly is higher and the degree of poverty is deeper.In terms of the impact of intergenerational support,intergenerational support has a significant impact on alleviating the multi-dimensional poverty of urban and rural elderly,but there is a difference in the degree of mitigation between urban and rural areas.Taking 2018 as an example,4.3% of the elderly in rural areas had two-dimensional poverty,3.6 percentage points higher than that of urban areas.In terms of the impact of intergenerational support,intergenerational support can significantly alleviate the multi-dimensional poverty problem of urban and rural elderly,and there are differences between urban and rural areas in the degree of impact.The economic support of children has a greater effect on poverty reduction for the rural elderly,and the poverty reduction effect is 1.9%higher than that of the urban elderly.Children’s emotional support has a greater effect on poverty reduction for urban elderly,and the poverty reduction effect is 4.9% higher than that of rural elderly,and the economic support and care support provided by the elderly for their offspring has a greater effect on poverty alleviation for urban elderly.In terms of the regulatory effect of social support,social support has different regulatory effects on the intergenerational support of urban and rural elderly.On the one hand,social support has strengthened the economic support of the elderly in urban elderly people.On the other hand,it also weakened the economic support of children for rural elderly.From the results of heterogeneity analysis,children’s economic support and emotional support play a greater role in reducing poverty among elderly living alone and the elderly with daughters.At the same time,intergenerational support for children plays a greater role in reducing poverty among elderly living alone.Finally,based on the results of empirical analysis,this paper proposes countermeasures and proposals from families,government and society to alleviate the poverty and aging problems of the elderly in urban and rural areas.At the family level,we should carry forward the culture of filial piety and strengthen the concept of children’s responsibility for providing for the elderly;At the government level,it is necessary to formulate reasonable urban and rural development strategies,improve laws and policies related to elderly care,and improve the basic social security level of the elderly;at the social level,we should promote the construction of social elderly care institutions and encourage various forms of elderly care. |
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