Research On The Impact Of The Number Of Children On Women's Labor Suppl

By now,China has totally liberalized the three child policy,and the task of improving the population structure and alleviating aging is urgent.However,the fertility desire of women of childbearing age is not strong,and China’s gradually liberalized fertility policy in recent years has not achieved the expected results.This thesis explores the reasons behind women’s low fertility rate from the impact of fertility on women’s labor supply,and examines the impact of the number of children on women’s labor supply,so as to find solutions to improve the implementation effect of the three child policy.Based on the mixed cross-sectional data of CFPS China Household tracking survey in2014,2016 and 2018,this thesis makes an empirical analysis on women samples with childbearing experience by household type,uses probit discrete regression model and OLS linear regression model for benchmark regression,and uses instrumental variable method to solve the endogenous problem between women’s labor participation and the number of children,the Heckman two-stage model could correct the sample selection error of working hours in regression analysis,and the effects of the number of children on women’s labor participation and working hours are investigated respectively.The results show that the number of children has a nonlinear relationship with women’s labor participation and working hours.The relationship between the number of children and the labor participation of non-agricultural women shows a U-shaped curve,which has no significant impact on the labor participation of agricultural women.Having a second child will reduce the labor participation rate of non-agricultural women by 9.6%,and having a third child has a slight positive effect on non-agricultural women’s labor.The increase in the number of children has a nonlinear relationship with the working hours of agricultural women,and has no significant impact on the working hours of non-agricultural women.Giving birth to a second child reduced the weekly working hours of agricultural women by 1.36 hours,while giving birth to a third child further reduced their weekly working hours by 0.46 hours.Heterogeneity analysis found that the number of children had a significant impact on women aged 40-49 and women with general or unhealthy health status,and had a negative influence upon the birth of three children and before.Based on the empirical research results,this thesis gives suggestions as follows: 1Implement and improve the protection policies for women’s labor market,pay attention to the specific implementation of relevant laws and regulations,take punitive measures against illegal enterprises,protect the rights of women’s on labor market,reduce the reproductive costs borne by women employed by enterprises,and socialize and government the reproductive costs;2.Establish and improve the social childcare service system,develop childcare services in childcare institutions,encourage governments,communities and enterprises to participate in the construction of childcare system and provide diversified childcare programs;3.Build family friendly policies,alleviate work family role conflicts,provide flexible working hours and workplace choices,provide vocational education and skill training for women,encourage both parents to share care responsibilities,and promote equality between different genders in the labor market.