Study On The Spatial Heterogeneity Of Farmers ’ Income Around Wuyishan National Park From The Perspective Of Common Prosperity

The Wuyishan National Park is one of the first national parks in China,and the establishment of the park has been accompanied by a variety of regulations and policies,which have had varying degrees of impact on the farmers living in the vicinity of the park,and consequently on their livelihoods.At a time when China is consolidating the achievements of poverty eradication and moving towards common prosperity,the question of how to promote the economic development of nature reserves under the protection and construction of ecology,and how to narrow the income gap between individual regions,is a development challenge worth studying.The study of farmers’ income around Wuyishan National Park from a spatial perspective has important implications for promoting the management of Wuyishan National Park,promoting the rational allocation of resources,improving the income of surrounding farmers and reducing the income gap.Based on the theory of regulation and common prosperity,this paper introduces spatial thinking to analyze the causes of spatial heterogeneity of farmers ’ income,and constructs a theoretical analysis framework from three dimensions : policy environment,farmers ’ livelihood capital and farmers ’ livelihood strategy selection.Using literature research method and social survey method,the research team conducted field research on43 administrative villages under the jurisdiction of 2 km around Wuyishan National Park in 2022 to collect 317 valid questionnaires,deconstructing farmers ’ income into three categories : wage,operating and transfer income,establishing indicators and using entropy weight method to measure the spatial distribution of farmers ’ income.The exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA)method is used to measure its spatial heterogeneity.On the basis of determining the spatial heterogeneity of farmers ’ income,the research method of combining ordinary regression and spatial econometric regression is used to establish OLS regression and geographically weighted regression model to explore its influencing factors.Finally,combined with the empirical results,the relevant countermeasures to promote regional development are analyzed from the perspective of common prosperity.The results show that :First,there is a multi-level spatial heterogeneity in the income of farmers around Wuyishan National Park,and the intensity is different.At the level of regional operating income level,the study area shows the spatial heterogeneity of high in the east and low in the west.The amount gap is large and the heterogeneity is strong.On the east side,it shows the difference between high and low outside the park boundary,while on the west side,there is no obvious difference.At the level of migrant income level,the study area shows a spatial heterogeneity of high in the west and low in the east.The amount gap is small and the heterogeneity is small.The east side also shows differences inside and outside the park,and there is no difference on the west side.At the level of transfer income level,the study area shows a spatial heterogeneity of high in the middle and low in the surrounding areas,decreasing from the middle to the surrounding areas,and showing differences inside and outside the park boundaries in the whole range,but the heterogeneity is small.Second,the spatial difference of income is mainly affected by livelihood capital and farmers ’ perception is strong.Natural capital has a significant impact on regional operating income level and regional transfer income level and has spatial differences.High-quality natural capital combined with the tea industry has a pull to drive the operating income level.As a whole,this pull is strong in the east and weak in the west.From the perspective of the park range,the closer the pull is to the core protected area,the weaker it is;on the income level of migrant workers,high-quality natural capital will generate pressure to lower the income level of migrant workers in areas with high proportion of migrant workers.This pressure is high in the west and low in the east,and decreases with the decrease of the proportion of migrant workers in the region.Social capital will identify the industry that farmers are engaged in and have a positive impact on the income of the production behavior.The spatial difference of its influence is related to the industry that farmers in the region are mainly engaged in.In terms of operating income level,the south is higher than the north,and in terms of migrant income level,the north is higher than the south.The positive influence of material capital on regional operating income level is strong in the west and weak in the east,and the negative influence on migrant income level is strong in the east and weak in the west.It can be concluded that the power of material capital in promoting farmers ’ production and operation decreases with the increase of regional economic development level.Third,the policy environment affects the future development of farmers ’ income,and farmers ’ perception of policy regulation is not obvious in the existing production and life.The national park management and control policy is not suddenly formulated,but is transformed from the long-term policy system of Wuyishan Nature Reserve.Regional farmers have lived under the policy for a long time.For them,only the policy has changed its name,and it has not hindered the existing production too much.There are only a few areas where there is a contradiction between humans and animals.However,in the long run,these policies will limit the regional development increment to a certain extent in the future,resulting in a fair regional development stock and insufficient increment,and may lead to a further increase in the income gap between farmers.From the perspective of incremental development,national parks limit the partial expansion of production behavior,which is a difference in resource use rights,especially for farmers in the eastern region who have not reclaimed tea plantations.At this level,it limits their future development while creating an income gap with farmers who own tea plantations.Fourthly,based on the results of this empirical study,this paper discusses how to improve the income of farmers in the surrounding areas of Wuyishan National Park and promote the realization of common prosperity in the region.It should start from strengthening regional core industries,digital empowerment to promote government reform,innovative new collective economic development and financial transfer payments.There are two innovations in this study.One is to take the farmers in the surrounding areas of Wuyishan National Park as the research perspective,and the other is to use the spatial econometric model to explore the spatial heterogeneity of farmers ’ income in the surrounding areas of Wuyishan National Park.Most of the existing studies have studied Wuyishan National Park from the perspective of national park policy system,community and tourism development,and few of the existing studies on farmers in national parks have adopted spatial perspective for model research.This study broadens the research horizon of Wuyishan National Park,enriches the spatial measurement research,clarifies the income status of farmers in the region at the practical level,and promotes the common prosperity of the region.