| Livelihood mode is the sum of various survival methods and strategies produced and developed by continuous interaction between human and natural environment.It is closely related to natural and human environment.The problem between ecology and livelihood has become an important issue in the construction of ecological civilization.Taking Jinsuo Island Village,a Bai village in Haidong Town,Dali City,Yunnan Province,as a field site,this article discusses the process,causes and effects of livelihood changes on Jinsuo Island.As an island in a plateau lake,Jinsuo Island has certain particularity in its local society.In the process of protecting Erhai Lake,Jinsuo Island,which is located in the middle of Erhai Lake,presents macro changes in policy orientation and its own development needs--ecological relocation and fishery transformation have become reality.From the perspective of ethnology,this paper explains the interactive relationship between people and ecology,ecology and livelihood on Jinsuo Island.Jinsuo Island is located in the middle zone of mountain,dam and lake,and population flow such as education,trade and intermarriage has become the main ways of interaction with the outside world.At present,the local society presents three living practices: one is "on the island",the second is "outlying island",and the third is "both on the island and off the island"."Zaidao" can be divided into three types: one is "hydrophilic",the second is "away from water",and the third is "both hydrophilic and away from water" dual mode.The first chapter of this article summarizes the basic situation of Jinsuo Island village and the traditional way of living;The second chapter discusses the change or derivation of traditional livelihood in Jinsuo Island village.The third chapter explains the reasons for the change of livelihood of Jinsuo Island village,and understands the change and invariability of regional society from the perspectives of internal and external,host and guest,local and national.The fourth chapter discusses the impact of livelihood change on the local society of Jinsuo Island.The conclusion part reflects and looks forward to the change of livelihood of Jinsuo Island village.Through field investigation,the article concludes that the livelihood change of Haidao Village is developing from the traditional fishing and transportation industries to the coexistence trend of multi-livelihood dominated by ecotourism.The change is the result of the comprehensive action of local subjects and the outside world.For island villages with no cultivated land,fishing is their livelihood based on Erhai Lake initially through their perception of the environment.Their livelihood is not completely changed from fishery to tourism,but the status quo of fishery,ecotourism and the affiliated industries brought by tourism.Tourism is not the primary driving force for its changes.Changes have been happening since the beginning,and the development of tourism only accelerates the process of changes.In the past,humans have labeled the natural environment as fragile because they failed to use it or overused it.But the villagers of Jinsuo Island do not think so,because they clearly realize that this is a consequence of social development.The island has its own survival strategies and wisdom,Choosing a relatively isolated island is not a choice to escape from the rule,but to seek another livelihood choice and survival practice different from mountain and Bazi.In the collaborative game process between ecological protection and village development,the whole village relocation may be the future development direction of Jinsuo Island. |
