| In recent years,with the continuous socio-economic development,the overall competitiveness of cities has progressed greatly.However,as the focus of urban expansion and development is on efficiency,the actual needs of urban residents are often neglected.Community is the basic unit of a city,and the configuration of community public service facilities is closely related to the life of residents.In the past two years,more and more cities in China have made the construction of community living circles a planning goal,but the actual implementation is not ideal,and the corresponding practice and planning are not sufficient,lacking systematic research and discussion.15-minute community living circles are one of the important bases for the planning and configuration of urban public service facilities,and to enhance the community environment and improve the quality of life of residents,it is necessary to study and To improve the community environment and the quality of life of residents,it is necessary to study and analyze the 15-minute community living circle.First of all,this paper analyzes the research progress of living circles and public service facilities.Through the study of related theories and combing the research progress at home and abroad,it is found that the current research on community-level living circles is still inadequate,and the methods of dividing living circles are different and lack a reasonable division method.Then,based on Python3.5,we crawled the public service facilities and residential district POI data of Gaode Map,organized and cleaned the data,and analyzed the spatial distribution of public service facilities in the central city of Chongqing;meanwhile,based on the district POI as the starting point,we used the Gaode Map path planning API to construct a 15-minute living circle in Chongqing,and from three perspectives,i.e.,the degree of coverage,the degree of convenience,and the degree of attainment,we focused on the 15-minute living circle in Chongqing.The 15-minute living circle is evaluated and analyzed from three perspectives,i.e.,coverage,convenience,and attainment,and the second-order clustering algorithm of machine learning is used to further analyze the convenience results in the convenience degree.Finally,a location allocation model is introduced to explore how to optimize the layout of public service facilities in the living circle through the case of elderly facilities in Yuzhong District,and then an optimization strategy is proposed accordingly.The study shows that:(1)The superimposed coverage area of Chongqing’s 15-minute life circle obtained using the standard circular buffer analysis method is 12360 km2,while the superimposed coverage area of Chongqing’s life circle obtained using the path planning network analysis method is 8750 km2.The coverage area obtained using the path planning network analysis method is significantly smaller than the area covered using the buffer method,This indicates that the accessibility of roads has a significant impact on residents’ actual access to corresponding service facilities within a certain walking time.Therefore,the reliability of the reachable range obtained using path planning network analysis methods is relatively higher.(2)In terms of the coverage of living circles,there is a significant difference in the coverage of public service facilities between different urban areas.As the core area of the central urban area of Chongqing,Yuzhong District is significantly higher in terms of facility coverage compared to other urban areas,with the average coverage rate of various facilities reaching 79.80%,followed by Jiulongpo District at 71.06%,and Shapingba District and Jiangbei District at about 68%.However,Banan District and Beibei District have the lowest coverage rates.They are located in the periphery of Chongqing City,with a large area and low population density.The coverage rates of various facilities are lower than those of other districts and counties.From the perspective of coverage index,the index of eight types of public service facilities is higher around Yuzhong District and Dadukou District,while the index is lower in marginal areas such as Banan District and Beibei District.The traffic facility coverage index of Yubei District is significantly higher than that of other districts;Jiangbei District has a high index of scientific and educational facilities.(3)In terms of the degree of reaching the standard in the life circle,from the overall situation,most of the public service facilities in the 15-minute social life circle of Chongqing communities meet the standard,with the average number of community standards reaching 5.93 in the city.The communities with all eight types of facilities meeting the standard account for 22% of the total number of communities,accounting for the highest proportion,followed by the communities with seven types of standards,accounting for 19%,and more than half of the community facilities meeting the standard account for more than 5 items.From the perspective of facility classification,among all research communities in Chongqing,the compliance rate of shopping,catering,and transportation facilities is relatively high,at over 90%,and the compliance rate of medical facilities is 69%.Therefore,the construction of basic medical security resources in Chongqing should be strengthened;The compliance rate of educational facilities is 57.52%,indicating that nearly half of the communities cannot meet the educational needs of kindergartens and primary schools within a15-minute walk.The compliance rate of elderly care resources and science and education resources is also relatively low,with 56.41% and 52.30% respectively.(4)In terms of the convenience degree of the life circle,based on the comprehensive evaluation results,the average convenience index of public facilities in all communities in the city is 0.16.The highest evaluation result was obtained in Yuzhong District with a score of 0.27,while the lowest evaluation result was obtained in Beibei District with a score of 0.09.According to the evaluation results of the convenience index second-order clustering analysis,there are two clusters,including a total of 5787 communities,4095 communities in the first category,accounting for 70.8% of the total,and 1689 communities in the second category,accounting for 29.2% of the total.Combining the eight facility categories,the convenience of the second type of residential area is far higher than that of the first type of community.In addition,from the clustering summary of various facilities,it can be concluded that the clustering characteristics of transportation,catering,and shopping are very obvious,and compared to the scores of the first type of community,the second type of community is significantly higher.The reason is that the construction of various facilities is actually a reaction to market economic choices,and the profit-seeking nature of the capital market and residents’ consumption level lead to more facilities reflecting residents’ material living standards being placed in such areas,People are also more inclined to live in such areas,leading to an increase in regional population density.The government will also plan more transportation facilities in such areas to meet the travel needs of residents.However,other facilities in the second category of communities,such as medical and educational facilities,exhibit a relatively balanced distribution of scores,as these facilities are more departments with direct government intervention and are subject to government planning and regulation.(5)Introducing a location allocation model,selecting a minimum facility point model and an impedance model,and combining the practical case of elderly care facilities in Yuzhong District,this paper actively explores ways to optimize public service facilities based on the life circle,and proposes a 15 minute life circle optimization strategy for Chongqing. |
