A Study Of The "Hess Factor" In Young Marx’s Thought

As the first young Hegelian thinker to try to combine philosophy,political economy and communist concepts in a theoretical perspective,Hess had a direct and profound influence on the young Marx,and these ideas were often "dwarfed" or ignored by academics.A comprehensive,systematic and accurate understanding of the extent to which young Marx’s thought is influenced by Hess is conducive to our better understanding of the important course of the reform of young Marx’s thought.It must be noted that the background of the Hess concept and the problems faced are very similar to Marx.Through viewpoint analysis and time verification,we can make it clear that Hess constitutes the "true proposition" of young Marx’s thought from the concept of class essence,the concept of communication alienation,the concept of communist context,and the concept of naturalism.From the perspective of the concept of class essence,Hess discovered the practical problems faced by Feuerbach’s concept of class essence,relied on the real relationship between people in the activity,developed Feuerbach’s view of "dualistic existence" with "duality activity",affirmed the importance of production and interaction in reality as the intermediary of practical class essence to man,pointed out that the alienation of class essence did not originate from religion and politics but originated from society,and profoundly criticized the strangulation of human class essence by capitalist private ownership through the medium of monetary relations.It also appealed to the return of the class essence of communist society based on the full development of productive forces,and built a new path of critique of bourgeois political economy from a humanistic perspective.Marx realized the criticism and transcendence of Hess in terms of class essence through the perspective of realistic rather than conceptual productive labor,the actual individual differences in practical rather than static social relations,the examination of the limited content of the capitalist system from the perspective of division of labor,and the more explicit development of productive forces rather than the ethical relational value path.From the perspective of the concept of alienation,Marx’s criticism of the concept of alienation stems from the criticism of egoism based on real problems,and from the perspective of the four specific contents of labor alienation,Marx’s concept of labor alienation does not originate from the theoretical basis of Feuerbach,as he said,but from Hess,who refers to the actual life activity from the activity product,names this activity as labor and enjoyment,and exposes and refutes the unfortunate labor that is different from this activity.The logic of pointing out that the emancipation of man in real life should not stop at the simple enjoyment of material wealth and thus thinking about the productive forces and the mode of production actually covers the four aspects of Marx’s labor alienation.And because Marx discovered the limitations of the logical characteristics of the concept of alienation itself of "self-alienation" and "isolated people",he turned to the concept of civil society to further consider,in which Hess had a profound impact on Marx by originating in the essence of the class,representing the interaction of people,alienating from the capitalist system,rising to the purpose of man,attributing to the development of productive forces,solving the alliance of love,and pointing to communism.The Abstract of James < Principles of Political Economy >Mill’s book achieves the historical convergence of "interpersonal alienation" and "labor alienation" with a new understanding of the causes,manifestations,necessity and nature of human beings in the form of money as an intermediary movement.From the perspective of the communist context,the introduction of the cultural context of communism is the collapse of Hegel’s concept of the state and the germination of the Germanization of communism.In order to create the context of communist Germanization,Hess,as the "father of German communism",clarified the principles,bottom lines and methods of communism with the radical concept of action philosophy,and through the transformation of communist philosophy,the development of communist ideological domain aimed at constructing the essence of reality,and the exploration of the realistic possibility of communist realization based on practice and productivity,he constructed the "mirror space of others" of young Marx in the communist context from the two aspects of cultural context and linguistic context.Marx launched a radical critique of the concept of the state and the proletariat in detail,broke through the shackles of spiritual practice theory with the concepts of practice and labor,built a realistic carrier of communism by abandoning civil society and reshaping property relations,and discarded utopia and resorted to revolutionary actions to point out the method of realizing communism The combination of the philosophical context and the economic context of communism,transcending the limitations of Hess philosophical communist context.From the point of view of nature,after the Enlightenment’s denial of nature,Kant’s distinction between freedom and nature,Hegel’s spiritual subordination of nature,and Feuerbach’s renewed affirmation of nature,nature established itself as the supreme position in human existence.Faced with the difficult problem of defining the action and spirit of the subject in nature,Hess raised two questions,namely,"whether the productive forces and productive capacity formed by people in labor can exist independently of nature" and "whether the free kingdom achieved by labor is also a condition for natural development".Marx answered the question of the relationship between man in history and between human labor and nature raised by Hess in the first question from the three perspectives of the objective existence of dehumanized nature,nature as human existence,and nature as the basis of labor;Hess’ s second question was answered from the three conditions of the object existence of nature,the unity of naturalism and humanism,and the realization of humanized nature to humanistic nature,and science established the interaction between labor and nature.On the whole,we can macroscopicly believe that Hess inspired Marx’s comprehensive critique of social issues through three time nodes: "the mirror of the other of social reality","the mirror image of the other of economic history",and "the mirror image of the other of the free development state",and contributed to the original formation of Marxism.Specific to methodology,in the process of abandoning Hess’ s concept,Marx achieved methodological innovation through the criticism of transcendentalist teleology and the way of grasping reality movement based on appearance,essence and truth,thus realizing the comprehensive transcendence of Hess from content to method.