A Study Of Marx’s Critical Thought In The Rheinische Zeitung

Marx’s critical thinking has deep historical roots.When Marx studied the philosophical thoughts contained in works such as the spirit of freedom in late ancient Greece,the Renaissance,the Reformation,and the Enlightenment,he dug deep into the critical thoughts contained in them,and compared them with German ancient philosophy,British classical political economy,and English and French literature.He compared the rational factors in China’s "utopian socialism" thought,thus forming his own unique critical thought.Marx’s critical thinking can be divided into three periods:first,from his criticism of philosophy in his Doctoral Dissertation to his criticism of religion in The Jewish Question;second,from his 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts "The critique of political economy to the critique of ideology in "German Ideology";third,from the critique of economy in his "Das Kapital" to the critique of history in his later period.Marx’s critical thinking is based on his own reality,a comprehensive understanding of the subject and the object,and a profound criticism of the thoughts of other thinkers,and according to his own actual situation,it formed accordingly.The period when he was an editor of the "Rheinische Zeitung" was a critical period of Marx’s ideological transformation.After receiving his Ph.D,Marx entered the work of a newspaper editor for the first time.Marx stepped into the real social life from the "ivory tower" of the academy.He really touched the practical,real and valuable material interests,and gradually realized the existence of "class nature",thus doubting about his philosophical beliefs.Through an in-depth understanding of the bottom of society,Marx developed a strong interest in the people at the bottom of society,and began to pay attention to the real encounters of the people at the bottom of society,that is,the broad peasant class and workers,and then discovered the real people in society.Marx’s philosophy changed from idealism to materialism,from rational liberalism to communism.This is because he has a deeper understanding of the material basis and the nature of man.Marx subverted,changed,and surpassed traditional critical thinking,played a positive role in promoting the construction of historical materialism,and deeply reflected on capitalism,providing a fundamental basis for criticizing modern Western capitalism.However,as far as his thinking is concerned,Marx was still in the initial stage of transformation during the Rheinische Zeitung,and there were still many imperfections,mainly manifested in: liberalism with rationalism as the main body;civil society theory has not yet been perfected and so on.