Research On Marx's People's Subject Thought During The Period Of "Rheinische Zeitung

Marxism is a scientific theory about the liberation of the proletariat and the liberation of all mankind.The people’s subject thought is the basic clue running through the Marxist ideological system,but also the key to correctly understand and grasp Marxism.Marx’s people’s subject Thought,starting from the basic materialistic viewpoint of history that practice is the essence of social life and the mode of material production determines the development of social history,reveals the important role of the broad masses of the people in creating social material and spiritual wealth through social practice,promoting social and historical development and reform,and clarifies the subjective position of the masses in the process of social and historical development.The masses are the demand subject,practice subject,change subject,value subject and evaluation subject of social and historical development.They are the fundamental force driving social development and change,and also the fundamental value destination of social development.The thought of the People’s subject is not only the core content that runs through the theoretical system of Marxism,but also the core thought that the Communist Party of China has always adhered to and developed in the process of revolution,construction and reform.Marx’s people’s subject thought was not achieved overnight,but gradually established in Marx’s exploration of the new world view.Its development stage went through four stages:the germination from "Doctoral Thesis" to "Rheinische Zeitung",the initial formation from "German-French Yearbook" to "Paris Manuscript",the maturity and comprehensive demonstration from "Holy Family" to "German Ideology",and the consolidation and deepening development from "Communist Manifesto" to "Critique of the Gotha Programme".To find out why Marx’s thought of people’s subject came into being and began to sprout is the key premise for comprehensively and systematically grasping Marx’s thought of people’s subject and understanding the development and transformation of Marx’s thought.The "Rheinische Zeitung" period is the embryonic stage of Marx’s people’s subject thought,and Marx’s many political commentary articles in this period contain rich people’s subject thought.This paper will take Marx’s people’s subject thought in the "Rheinische Zeitung" period as the research object,and analyze Marx’s personal growth environment and the social and historical background and ideological and theoretical environment of Europe in the 19 th century.Thus reveals the historical background of the formation of Marx’s people’s subject thought during Rheinische Zeitung.At the same time,this paper takes the political commentary articles written by Marx in Rheinische Zeitung as the research blueprint,digs and summarizes the important connotation of Marx’s people’s subject thought in Rheinische Zeitung,and studies and analyzes the historical position of this thought in the development of Marxism.And sum up its contemporary inspiration to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.In the 1840 s,because of the Prussian government’s authoritarian rule,Marx was forced to abandon his plans to get a university teaching position after his Ph D and took a job with Rheinische Zeitung.The work experience of Rheinische Zeitung gave Marx the opportunity to listen to the voice of the people,understand the demands of the people,understand the sufferings of the people,see the power of the people and walk towards the stance of the people.It also gave Marx the opportunity to understand the political system in the real country of Prussia and write political commentary on a series of practical livelihood issues related to the living conditions of the Prussian people.In this period,Marx’s political commentaries expounded a series of important viewpoints,such as "the people’s nature of free press","the people are the legitimate creators of the country","the people’s right of representation",the people’s rational view of the state,and the moral stance of taking the people as the main body,from multiple dimensions,such as the freedom of press and publication,the national system and social ethics.It holds that the people are the subject of the state,the subject of rights and the subject of ethics,which contains rich meaning of the subject of the people.Although Marx’s thought was still not mature at that time and still had a certain color of revolutionary democracy and the mark of Hegel’s philosophy of law,the working practice of Rheinische Zeitung promoted the transformation of Marx’s research perspective from abstract criticism of speculative philosophy to realistic criticism of social politics.The subject of the people was the core issue that Marx always paid attention to during the period of Rheinische Zeitung.Marx’s exploration of the people’s subject thought and its theoretical achievements are of great significance in the history of his ideological development,which not only promotes the "economic turn" of young Marx’s research method and research horizon,but also provides an opportunity for the creation of Marx’s "philosophical revolution",which is the preliminary foundation of the basic position of Marxist theoretical system.In the new era,Marx’s people’s Juche Thought in the Rheinische Zeitung period still shines with the brilliance of truth.It provides methodological guidance and value orientation for Chinese Communists in the new era to adhere to the people-centered development thought,practice the Party’s original aspiration and mission,uphold and develop people’s democracy throughout the whole process and optimize the path of ideological construction,and has important significance of The Times.